All Content from Business Insider 07月19日 18:28
Supersonic flight is on its way back. I went on board the first Concorde, where it all began.
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本文作者参观了法国巴黎航空航天博物馆内的协和式飞机,回顾了这款曾代表航空业巅峰的超音速客机。协和式飞机以其两倍音速的飞行速度、奢华的内部体验以及英法合作的象征意义,在航空史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。然而,高昂的运营成本以及2000年的空难事故,最终导致其在2003年退役。文章还展望了新兴的超音速客机项目,如Boom Supersonic的Overture,预示着超音速旅行的复兴可能。

✈️ 协和式飞机是超音速航空的里程碑:它能以超过两倍音速(约2170公里/小时)飞行,巡航高度达6万英尺,极大地缩短了跨大西洋的旅行时间,象征着英法两国在航空技术上的合作与辉煌。

🏛️ 博物馆中的协和式飞机:作者参观了位于巴黎航空航天博物馆的协和式原型机(001号)和一架早期生产机型,虽然内部多被玻璃隔开,但仍能近距离感受其驾驶舱、座椅和狭窄的过道,体会到它作为珍贵历史展品的地位。

💡 协和式飞机的技术创新与局限:作为首款采用电传操纵(fly-by-wire)的民航客机,其技术先进性不言而喻。但高昂的燃料消耗、运营成本以及对超音速飞行产生的噪音限制,最终成为其退役的主要原因。

🌟 超音速旅行的未来展望:文章重点介绍了Boom Supersonic公司正在研发的Overture客机,该机型预计2029年投入商业运营,目标是实现“无声”的超音速飞行,并已获得多家航空公司的订单,预示着超音速旅行的复兴。

📉 辉煌背后的代价:虽然协和式飞机在运营期间提供了如鱼子酱、龙虾等顶级服务,但其高昂的成本和一次灾难性的事故(2000年法航4590号班机空难)对其声誉和运营造成了毁灭性打击,是其最终退役的直接导火索。

 The author and the two Concordes in Paris's Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace.

Commercial flights faster than the speed of sound are one of the few historic innovations that have fallen out of favor, but that might not stay the case for long.

Concorde revolutionized air travel. It could fly up to Mach 2.04 — more than twice the speed of sound, or around 1,350 mph at its cruising altitude of 60,000 feet.

However, huge operating costs and a fatal crash led to the Anglo-French airliner being retired in 2003.

When I attended the Paris Air Show last month, I had the chance to go on board two Concordes: the first prototype and one of the last to be built.

Both are displayed by France's national air and space museum, and the jets felt like precious exhibits, with much of the interior behind glass.

Nonetheless, it was fascinating to get up close to the seats, see the cockpit, and experience what it was like to walk down the aisle of a Concorde.

While Concorde won't fly again, it made me more excited for the potential of Boom Supersonic. Its prototype went supersonic in January, and its Overture airliner is expected to start carrying passengers in 2029.

At the 2025 Paris Air Show, I came across a conference hall with a plane in the middle of it.
A Concorde's landing gear.

This hall is actually part of the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, which is part of Paris's Le Bourget Airport and can be visited year-round.

After a bit of walking around, I found the line to tour a Concorde.
Stairs led up through the bottom of Concorde 001.

As a journalist, I was able to get a ticket for free. Usually, a "boarding pass" ticket for the museum costs between 6 euros and 17 euros ($7 to $20), depending on your age.

I was amazed to find out this was actually the very first Concorde.
The first flight of Concorde 001 in 1969.

Concorde 001, with the tail number F-WTSS, was the first prototype built and made its first flight in 1969.

It was retired to the museum four years later.

It was a bit disappointing that the interior had been stripped, but there was still a lot to learn.
Concorde 001 was used to carry out scientific experiments during a total solar eclipse over Africa in 1973.

Information boards shared more about the history of this momentous airplane. For example, it was used to carry out scientific experiments during a 1973 eclipse, with cameras and windows installed in the roof.

There were several flight instruments behind glass, and a chance to glimpse the historic flight deck.
Concorde's flight deck.

Concorde was the first airliner to use fly-by-wire controls, which means electronic signals are sent to a computer that processes the pilots' inputs.

It was previously only used on military aircraft, but is commonplace today. The technology helped the A320 become Airbus's first major success.

Concorde's cockpit also included a third seat for a flight engineer, and controls for the "droopsnoot" — a lengthy, pointed nose. Used to add aerodynamic efficiency, the nose could be drooped 10° for more visibility during takeoff and landing.

Leaving the first Concorde, it was great to see the original colorful livery with the names of the manufacturers.
The prototype was painted with the names of the French and British planemakers.

The British Aviation Corporation and France's Sud Aviation jointly built and developed Concorde. (Mergers and acquisitions over the years saw the former become part of BAE Systems, and the latter part of Airbus.)

Concorde was a symbol not just of national pride for the UK and France but also of international cooperation between them. Indeed, the jet's name comes from the French for "agreement" or "union."

Meanwhile, work on the Boeing 2707, a larger and faster supersonic airliner, was scrapped in 1971.

The Soviet Union's Tupolev Tu-144 made its maiden flight just two months before Concorde.

I crossed a bridge onto Concorde 213, the 17th one to be built.
Concorde 213 and Concorde 001 side-by-side.

Just three more Concordes were made after this one. It flew from 1978 to 2003.

Even though Concorde is a relic of the past, I liked how the differing logos showed how it lasted for decades, from the meticulous font of the 1960s to the bold and minimalist Air France logo of the early noughties.

This plane was actually once painted in a Pepsi livery for an advertising campaign.
F-BTSD spent two weeks promoting Pepsi.

Pepsi spent $500 million on a huge rebranding effort in 1996, adopting its blue color scheme.

Sierra Delta, as it is known for the last two letters of its registration, was painted blue for two weeks in April of that year. The wings were kept white due to concerns over the fuel temperature.

Air France needed special permission because the Concorde was only certified to be painted white, as darker colors tend to retain more heat.

This time, there were plenty of seats on board to have a look at.
A pair of seats on board Concorde.

They were behind glass, so I couldn't sit down and test one out. I already knew Concorde was relatively small inside, with its four-abreast layout, but I was still surprised that these seats wouldn't look out of place on one of today's regional airliners.

Concorde could carry between 92 and 128 passengers, depending on the layout.

Details like the exit signs and bathrooms were still visible as well.
A view down the aisle of the Concorde.

Walking through, I was again slightly taken aback by the low ceiling. Concorde's cabin height was just 6 feet 5 inches — an inch shorter than an Embraer E175 and 10 inches shorter than a Boeing 737.

British Airways and Air France made up for the small cabin with top service.
A lobster dinner on board Concorde in 1978.

Caviar, lobster, and Champagne weren't uncommon.

Seeing the full rows of seats, glassed off under dim lighting, felt eerie and almost somber.
The white seat covers were part of an early 1990s design for the Air France cabins.

It was another reminder that Concorde is a vestige of a past "golden era" of luxury flying.

There was only one fatal accident involving Concorde, but it was hugely damaging.
Wreckage of Air France Flight 4590.

In July 2000, a Concorde crashed shortly after takeoff when it ran over debris on the runway, and tyre fragments ruptured a fuel tank. All 109 people on board were killed, as well as four people in the hotel it crashed into.

As the investigation went on, all Concordes were grounded until November 2001.

Concorde was ungrounded, but the plane's economics remained a concern.
Concorde Sierra Delta flying in November 2001.

Concorde only stayed in service for another two years, with British Airways retiring its final one in October 2003.

While the crash damaged the plane's image, Concorde's ultimate undoing was its huge operating costs.

Its four engines burned huge amounts of fuel. Plus, its routes were limited by opposition to noisy sonic booms.

The economics have since become notorious in the aviation industry.

For example, after postponing its plans for a hydrogen-powered plane, Airbus CEO Guillaume Faury said in April that it wouldn't be competitive enough with other jets and hence risked becoming "a Concorde of hydrogen."

However, supersonic airliners are on their way back.
Boom's Overture airliner.

Denver-based Boom Supersonic has been developing a new supersonic jet called Overture. It's smaller than Concorde, expected to carry between 60 and 80 passengers, and would fly slightly slower at Mach 1.7.

China's state-owned planemaker, Comac, is also developing a supersonic airliner called the C949, although few details are available.

Boom's XB-1 prototype went supersonic for the first time in January — and made another major breakthrough.
The Boom team poses in front of the "Baby Boom" prototype.

Boom announced in February that the flight didn't produce a sonic boom that was audible from the ground.

It dubbed this "Boomless Cruise" and is thanks to a physics term called Mach cutoff. Esssentially, if the sound barrier is broken at a high enough altitude, the sound waves can essentially U-turn in the atmosphere before reaching the ground.

Then, in June, President Donald Trump issued an executive order directing the Federal Aviation Administration to repeal a 52-year-old law that limited flight speeds over land, so long as there's no sonic boom audible from the ground.

Overture has received 130 orders and pre-orders from customers like United Airlines, American Airlines, and Japan Airlines.
An interior mock-up of Overture.

Boom says Overture could connect New York to London in just three hours and 45 minutes — almost twice as fast as current airliners.

It hopes to start carrying passengers in 2029.

Read the original article on Business Insider

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协和式飞机 超音速航空 航空历史 Boom Supersonic 航空技术
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