本期节目探讨了睾酮、雌激素及其衍生物对大脑和身体早期发育和成熟的影响。我们回顾了已发表的关于环境因素对动物和人类激素通路产生强大改变的证据，以及大麻、酒精和手机对睾丸、精子、卵巢和激素的影响。我们还描述了基因、胡须生长和秃顶模式之间的可预测关系，以及雌激素对所有染色体性别的脑发育的重要性。最后，我们讨论了我们在子宫中接触的激素如何塑造我们的手指长度比例、我们耳朵发出的声音（没错，你没看错），以及这些与人们对自己性取向的自我报告之间的关联。

👨‍🔬 **激素基础：** 本期节目从激素的基础知识开始，解释了睾酮、雌激素等激素在人类发育中的重要作用。节目详细介绍了精子和卵子结合后染色体性别、性腺性别以及激素对性别发育的影响。此外，节目还强调了胎盘作为内分泌器官的作用，以及肾上腺睾酮在性别发育中的作用。

🧬 **环境内分泌干扰物：** 本期节目深入探讨了环境内分泌干扰物对人类激素的影响。节目列举了多种环境因素，例如农药、塑化剂、重金属等，并解释了这些因素如何通过干扰激素的合成、代谢和作用机制，影响人类健康，尤其是生殖健康。节目还特别提到了二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDT）和乙烯雌酚（DES）等典型例子，以及它们对人类生殖系统的影响。

🧠 **激素与脑发育：** 本期节目重点强调了雌激素在所有个体脑发育中的重要作用。节目指出，雌激素不仅影响女性的脑发育，也对男性脑发育至关重要。此外，节目还讨论了环境因素，例如大麻、酒精和手机的使用，对脑发育的影响，并强调了在儿童和成人中避免激素干扰的重要性。

👂 **手指长度比例、耳朵声音和性取向：** 本期节目探讨了手指长度比例、耳朵声音与性取向之间的关联。节目解释了这些特征与胎儿时期激素水平之间的关系，以及这些关系如何影响性取向。节目还提到了“哥哥效应”，即男性胎儿可能会改变母亲和后续兄弟姐妹的激素水平，进而影响其性取向。

🧠 **激素与性取向：** 本期节目探讨了激素在性取向中的作用。节目解释了大脑结构和功能的差异与性取向之间的关系，并提到了这些差异可能与胎儿时期激素暴露有关。节目还强调了性取向是一个复杂的多因素问题，不能简单地归因于单个因素。

🤝 **前进的道路：** 本期节目最后强调了继续研究激素对人类健康和行为的影响的重要性。节目呼吁人们关注环境内分泌干扰物对人类健康的潜在影响，并鼓励人们采取措施保护自己和后代免受这些干扰物的伤害。

⚠️ **警告：** 本期节目提醒观众，有关激素和性取向的信息仍然存在争议，需要更多研究来确定这些因素之间的确切关系。节目强调，尊重和包容性对于理解和接受性取向的多样性至关重要。

In this episode, I discuss how hormones such as testosterone and estrogen and their derivatives impact the early development of the brain and body and their maturation. I review published data on environmental factors shown to powerfully alter hormone pathways in animals and humans and the effects of cannabis, alcohol and cell phones on testes, sperm, ovaries and hormones. I describe the predictable relationship between genes, beard growth and balding patterns, and the importance of estrogen for brain development in people of all chromosomal sexes. Finally, I discuss how the hormones we are exposed to in the womb shape the relative length of our finger digits, the sounds our ears make (yes you read that correctly), and how those correlate with people's self-reports of their sexual preferences. As always, basic information and tools are discussed.

Access the full show notes, including referenced articles, resources and more at hubermanlab.com.

Thank you to our sponsors

AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman

LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman

Waking Up: https://www.wakingup.com/huberman

Momentous: https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman

Timestamps

(00:00:00) Introduction

(00:00:30) AG1, LMNT & Waking Up

(00:06:47) Announcement: Mood Meter App Works Again

(00:08:00) Maximizing Learning from the Podcast

(00:10:00) New Non-Sleep Deep Rest Protocol, Spanish Subtitles

(00:11:35) Sexual Differentiation: Hormones, Neurons & Behavior

(00:14:15) Hormones Basics

(00:15:26) Sperm Meets Egg, Chromosomal Sex, Gonadal Sex,

(00:17:50) Y Chromosome Inhibition of Feminization

(00:19:00) Placenta Is An Endocrine (Hormone-Producing) Organ, Adrenal Testosterone

(00:19:45) Hormonal Sex, Morphological Sex

(00:21:04) Hormones Fast & Slow, Sex Steroids Can Turn On Genes

(00:23:06) Masculinization, Feminization, Demasculinization, Defeminization

(00:23:42) Primary Sexual Characteristics: DHT Drives Penis Development

(00:27:03) Secondary Sexual Characteristics

(00:27:43) Penis Sprouting: Guevedoces

(00:31:25) Estrogen, NOT Testosterone, Masculinizes The Brain

(00:33:15) Breast Development In Males: Aromatase; Puberty, & Steroids in Athletes

(00:34:50) Estrogen Powerfully Controls Brain Development In All Individuals

(00:35:19) Avoiding Hormonal Disruption In Children & Adults: Specific Oils, Creams, Etc.

(00:39:00) Environmental Endocrine Disruptors, Sperm Count Decline, Vincloziline

(00:44:20) Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Hormones Need Receptors, SARMS

(00:48:41) Estrogen Establishes “Masculine” Brain Circuits, Testosterone

(00:49:42) Cannabis, Alcohol: In Babies, Puberty & Adults

(00:56:25) Cell Phone Technology: Effects On Hormones, Ovaries, & Testicles

(01:02:33) Beards & Baldness Patterns Around the World, DHT, 5-alpha-reductase

(01:06:39) Creatine & DHT/Hair Loss

(01:08:20) Predicting Aging Rates By Pubertal Rates

(01:10:04) Hyenas, Baseball, & Jumbo Clitorises: Androstenedione

(01:14:26) Intersex Moles

(01:15:40) Marijuana Plants, Pollens: Plant-To-Animal “Warfare”

(01:20:08) Finger Length Ratios, Prenatal Hormone Exposure & Sexual Orientation

(01:29:13) Brain Dimorphisms with Sexual Orientation

(01:32:00) “Older Brother Effects”: Male Fetuses Might Change Mothers & Subsequent Brothers

(01:35:06) The Path Forward & A Warning

(01:35:55) Support & Your Questions

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

Disclaimer