本期节目邀请了斯坦福大学医学院精神病学教授兼社会神经科学研究项目主任卡伦·帕克博士，探讨了婴儿、儿童和成人社会连接和联结的生物学基础。帕克博士解释了我们目前对自闭症和自闭症谱系障碍的理解：它们是什么，近年来自闭症发病率急剧上升的原因，以及自闭症的现有和新兴治疗方法。我们还讨论了以前称为“阿斯伯格综合征”的疾病。本期节目对于任何对儿童和人类发展、社会纽带形成以及对自闭症和其他谱系疾病感兴趣的人来说都非常有意义。

🤔 **自闭症谱系障碍的生物学基础：** 自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育障碍，影响个体社交互动、沟通和行为模式。帕克博士解释了ASD的遗传和环境因素，强调了早期干预的重要性，并探讨了ASD的诊断和治疗方法。

🤝 **社会连接与联结的生物学基础：** 节目探讨了社会连接和联结的关键激素，包括催产素和加压素。这些激素在促进社交行为和亲子联结方面发挥着重要作用。帕克博士解释了这些激素在自闭症患者中的作用，以及如何利用它们来改善社交互动。

🧪 **自闭症治疗的最新进展：** 帕克博士介绍了针对ASD的现有和新兴治疗方法，包括药物治疗、行为治疗和早期干预。她还探讨了使用鼻内催产素和加压素等激素治疗来改善社交行为和沟通的潜力。

🧠 **神经可塑性和早期干预：** 节目强调了神经可塑性在自闭症治疗中的重要作用。帕克博士解释了早期干预如何帮助改变大脑，改善社交行为和沟通能力。她还强调了早期诊断的重要性，以便尽早开始干预。

🔬 **动物模型和研究：** 节目讨论了使用动物模型（如老鼠和灵长类动物）来研究自闭症和社会连接的生物学基础。这些模型有助于科学家了解自闭症的机制并开发新的治疗方法。帕克博士强调了使用动物模型进行研究的价值，以及它们为理解人类社会行为提供了宝贵的见解。

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Karen Parker, Ph.D., professor of psychiatry and director of the Social Neurosciences Research Program at Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss the biology of social connections and bonding in babies, children and adults. Dr. Parker explains our current understanding of autism and autism spectrum disorders: what they are, why the incidence of autism has increased so dramatically in recent years and both the current and emerging treatments for autism. We also discuss the condition formerly called “Asperger’s.” This episode ought to be highly relevant for anyone interested in child and human development, how social bonds form, and to those curious about autism and other spectrum conditions.

For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. Karen Parker

(00:01:30) Sponsors: LMNT & Waking Up

(00:06:25) Autism, Frequency, Diagnosis

(00:10:41) Early Interventions; Heritability & Autistic Traits

(00:13:00) Autistic Spectrums; Studying Autism

(00:21:29) Environment, Risk Factors & In Utero Development

(00:28:01) Sponsor: AG1

(00:31:26) Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Social Behavior & Parent-Child Bonding

(00:43:240 Oxytocin in Humans; Social Features of Autism, Intranasal Oxytocin

(00:55:16) Oxytocin & Autism; Benefit & Risks

(01:06:30) Neuroplasticity & Autism; Early Intervention; Challenges of Early Diagnosis

(01:14:30) MDMA & Autism

(01:17:05) Vasopressin, Social Interaction; Voles & Parenthood

(01:27:07) Human Social Connection, Oxytocin Levels & Autism

(01:33:45) Primate Model of Social Impairment

(01:42:47) Preclinical Animal Models, Mouse & Primates

(01:47:11) Primates, Biomarkers & Social Connection; Vasopressin

(01:52:20) Vasopressin Levels & Autism, Children & In Utero

(02:03:06) Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) & Vasopressin; Urination; Alternative Therapies

(02:10:32) Intranasal Vasopressin, Children, Autism & Social Responsiveness

(02:19:15) Vasopressin & Social Connection, Mechanism & Future Studies

(02:26:35) Gut Microbiome & Vasopressin; Scientific Funding

(02:34:52) Vasopressin Pathways, Social Behavior, Autism

(02:43:00) Vaccine Theory & Autism; Immunology

(02:54:06) Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

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