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Shamanism, witchcraft, and the power of narrative (with Manvir Singh)
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本文探讨了文化人类学中的关键议题,涵盖了对“部落”文化的误解、小型社区与大型国家在司法上的差异、聘礼与嫁妆的文化现象、不同文化对身体部位的性化、迷幻剂的使用、宗教的演变及其与行为的关系、人类学家的偏见、虚假信念的持久性、萨满教与巫术的区别、萨满在社区中的角色、成为萨满的个性特征、禁忌的普遍性以及人类学的价值。文章基于Manvir Singh的学术研究,他是一位专注于文化多样性和认知科学的加州大学戴维斯分校的人类学家,并著有《萨满教:永恒的宗教》。

🤔西方人对“部落”文化的理解往往存在误区,需要更深入的文化敏感性。

⚖️ 小型社区的司法与大型国家存在显著差异,前者更侧重于人际关系和修复,后者则更强调法律和惩罚。

👰‍♀️🤵聘礼和嫁妆反映了不同的社会结构和经济条件,前者通常与女性地位较高有关,后者则可能与财产继承有关。

🍄 萨满教和巫术是两种不同的文化现象,前者通常涉及与灵界的沟通,后者则可能涉及诅咒或控制。

🌍 禁忌如乱伦和食人,在人类文化中普遍存在,这反映了对社会秩序和生存的维护。

Read the full transcript here.

What do westerners misunderstand about "tribal" cultures? How does justice in very small communities differ from justice in large nation-states? Why do some cultures have bride prices (i.e., groom's family pays bride's family) and others have dowries (i.e., bride's family pays groom's family)? How do cultures differ with respect to the body parts they sexualize? How many cultures across time have used psychedelics? Do all religions make moral demands? How do religions change as the people who practice them grow in number? How strong is the link between religious belief and individual behavior? To what extent are anthropologists conscious of their own behaviors and biases? Why do certain types of false beliefs persist for so long? How do shamanism and witchcraft differ? Aside from their official roles, what de facto roles do shamans play in their communities? What personality traits and/or mental health conditions are linked to wanting to become a shaman? Are any taboos universal across all human cultures? Why are taboos against incest and cannibilism so common? What is the value of anthropology?

Manvir Singh is an anthropologist at the University of California, Davis and a regular contributor to The New Yorker, where he writes about cognitive science, evolution, and cultural diversity. He studies complex cultural traditions that reliably emerge across societies, including dance songs, lullabies, hero stories, shamanism, and institutions of justice. He graduated with a PhD from Harvard University in 2020 and, since 2014, has conducted ethnographic fieldwork with Mentawai communities on Siberut Island, Indonesia. He is the author of Shamanism: The Timeless Religion (2025). Follow him on Twitter / X at @mnvrsngh or @manvir on Bluesky, or learn more about him on his website, manvir.org.

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文化人类学 部落文化 萨满教 禁忌 社会学
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