本集探讨了疼痛和愉悦的感知机制，深入解析了它们在大脑和身体中的产生方式，并介绍了多种调节其强度的行为工具。节目涵盖了针灸、催眠、定向压力等方法，以及它们激活的神经回路，以及对疼痛或愉悦体验的调节作用。此外，还讨论了全身疼痛、“疼痛综合征”以及乙酰左旋肉碱、SAMe和阿格马汀等新型止痛化合物。节目还探讨了疼痛系统的可塑性，以及视觉感知在疼痛调节中的关键作用。最后，节目探讨了多巴胺、血清素和催产素与唤醒、愉悦和疼痛之间的联系。

🧠 **疼痛与愉悦的感知机制**：本集深入探讨了疼痛和愉悦的感知机制，解释了它们在大脑和身体中的产生方式，并介绍了多种行为工具，例如针灸、催眠和定向压力，以及它们激活的神经回路，以及对疼痛或愉悦体验的调节作用。

🧬 **疼痛系统的可塑性**：节目探讨了疼痛系统的可塑性，强调了视觉感知在疼痛调节中的关键作用。研究表明，大脑可以重新连接，以适应疼痛体验，并通过视觉信息来调节疼痛的感知。例如，通过专注于愉快的视觉刺激，可以减轻疼痛感。

🧪 **新型止痛化合物**：本集介绍了乙酰左旋肉碱、SAMe和阿格马汀等新型止痛化合物，这些化合物通过调节神经递质和神经通路来减轻疼痛。研究表明，这些化合物在缓解慢性疼痛方面具有潜在的治疗价值。

❤️ **情感与疼痛的联系**：节目探讨了多巴胺、血清素和催产素与唤醒、愉悦和疼痛之间的联系。研究表明，这些神经递质在调节疼痛体验方面起着重要作用，例如，多巴胺与愉悦和奖励相关，而催产素与社会联系和同情心相关。

💡 **实践建议**：节目提供了多种实践建议，帮助听众更好地控制疼痛和愉悦体验。例如，通过改变对疼痛的认知、使用冷热刺激、进行针灸或催眠等方法，可以有效地调节疼痛的感知。

This episode I discuss our sense of pain and pleasure: where and how they each arise in our mind and body and various ways to control their intensity. I discuss the science of behavioral tools like acupuncture and hypnosis and directed pressure, including the neural circuits they each activate to modulate our experience of pain or pleasure. I also discuss whole body pain, pain "syndromes" and novel pain relief compounds such as Acetyl-L-Carnitine, SAMe and Agmatine. I discuss neuroplasticity of the pain system and the key role that visual perception plays in pain modulation. Finally, I address the link between dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin, with arousal, pleasure and pain. As always, both basic science and various protocols are described.

Note: The description of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) was intentionally simplified and does not include mention of dorsal horn spinal relay neurons, etc. For an excellent full text review of this anatomy and circuits for touch sensing, please see: https://bit.ly/3jH9CPf

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Skin, Pain, Pleasure 

(00:01:50) Protocol 1: Maximizing Motivation (with Dopamine & Pleasure)

(00:07:29) Sponsors: AG1, LMNT

(00:12:04) Pleasure & Pain, & Skin Sensors 

(00:18:13) Sensing Touch with Your Brain: Magnification of Feet, Hands, Lips, Face, Genitals

(00:22:16) Two-Point Discrimination, Dermatomes

(00:28:11) Thoughts & Genes That Make Physical Pain Worse

(00:33:45) Expectations, Anxiety, & Pain Threshold

(00:40:27) Protocol 2: Cold Sensing Is Relative; Getting Into Cold Water

(00:45:22) Protocol 3: Heat Is Absolute

(00:48:10) Injury & Pain

(00:52:04) Protocol 4: Plasticity of Pain: Key Role of Vision 

(00:58:08) Sensing Disparate Body Parts As Merged

(01:01:00) Pain “Syndromes”, Psychogenic Fever, “Psychosomatics”

(01:04:40) Fibromyalgia, Naltrexone, Protocol 5: Acetyl-L-Carnitine 

(01:12:24) Protocol 6: Agmatine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate*

(01:17:27) Acupuncture: Mechanism, Non-Responders, Itch & Inflammation

(01:28:20) Laser Photobiomodulation, Protocol 7: Hypnosis (reveri.com) 

(01:30:00) Protocol 8: Pressure-Based Pain Relief, “Gate Theory of Pain (Relief)”

(01:37:53) Redheads & Pain Thresholds, Endogenous Opioids 

(01:44:02) Protocol 8: Love & Pain, Dopamine

(01:49:23) Pleasure & Reproduction, Dopamine & Serotonin, Oxytocin

(01:51:40) Protocol 9: PEA, L-Phenylalanine (Precursor to Tyrosine)

(01:55:40) Contextual Control of Pleasure by Autonomic Arousal, Dopamine Baselines

(01:59:40) Pleasure-Pain Balance

(02:01:24) Protocol 10: Controlling Pleasure, Dopamine & Motivation Over Time

(02:06:40) Protocol 11: Immediate, Non-Goal-Directed Pleasure, PAG 

(02:08:40) Direction of Touch: Pleasure Versus Pain, Arousal & Touch “Sensitivity” 

(02:13:00) Synthesis & How to Conceptualize Pain and Pleasure, Support

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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