本期节目中，神经科学专家安德鲁·胡伯曼博士与加州理工学院生物学教授大卫·安德森博士探讨了情绪和攻击性背后的科学机制，并解释了为什么状态（身心状态）可能比情绪本身更能解释人类行为。他们还探讨了各种形式的攻击性，以及生物性别、性别、环境、先前经验和荷尔蒙对攻击性的影响。此外，他们还讨论了肽类在社交隔离引起的焦虑和攻击性中的作用，以及潜在的强大精神健康疗法。

🤔 状态与情绪： 安德森博士认为，状态（身心状态）比情绪本身更能解释人类行为。状态包括持续时间、强度和泛化三个维度，而情绪则是对状态的感知。例如，恐惧是一种情绪，而恐惧状态则是一种持续的生理和心理状态，会影响个体的行为。

⚔️ 攻击性的类型： 攻击性可以分为三种类型：进攻性、防御性和掠食性。进攻性攻击通常是主动的，旨在控制或伤害他人。防御性攻击则是为了保护自己或自己的领地而发起的。掠食性攻击则是一种为了获取食物或资源而进行的攻击。

🧠 攻击性和性行为的脑神经机制： 安德森博士解释了攻击性和性行为的脑神经机制，并强调了杏仁核、下丘脑和腹侧被盖区等脑区在这些行为中的作用。他还讨论了肽类在社交隔离引起的焦虑和攻击性中的作用。

🧪 新的精神健康疗法： 安德森博士介绍了一些潜在的强大精神健康疗法，包括针对肽类和神经递质的药物。他强调了深入了解大脑和身体之间的相互作用，以及如何利用这些知识来开发新的治疗方法的重要性。

My guest is David Anderson, PhD, a world expert in the science of sexual behavior, violent aggression, fear and other motivated states. Dr. Anderson is a Professor of Biology at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), a member of the National Academy of Sciences and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). We discuss how states of mind (and body) arise and persist and how they probably better explain human behavior than emotions per se. We also discuss the many kinds of arousal that create varying levels of pressure for certain behaviors to emerge. We discuss different types of violent aggression and how they are impacted by biological sex, gender, context, prior experience, and hormones, and the neural interconnectedness of fear, aggression and sexual behavior. We also discuss peptides and their role in social isolation-induced anxiety and aggression. Dr. Anderson also describes novel, potentially powerful therapeutics for mental health. This episode should interest anyone wanting to learn more about mental health, human emotions, sexual and/or violent behavior.  

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. David Anderson, Emotions & Aggression 

(00:03:49) Sponsors: LMNT

(00:08:10) Emotions vs. States

(00:10:36) Dimensions of States: Persistence, Intensity & Generalization

(00:14:38) Arousal & Valence 

(00:18:11) Aggression, Optogenetics & Stimulating Aggression in Mice, VMH

(00:24:42) Aggression Types: Offensive, Defensive & Predatory 

(00:29:20) Evolution & Development of Defensive vs. Offensive Behaviors, Fear

(00:35:38) Hydraulic Pressures for States & Homeostasis

(00:37:24) Sponsor: AG1

(00:39:46) Hydraulic Pressure & Aggression

(00:44:50) Balancing Fear & Aggression

(00:48:31) Aggression & Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone & Testosterone

(00:52:33) Female Aggression, Motherhood

(00:59:48) Mating & Aggressive Behaviors 

(01:05:10) Neurobiology of Sexual Fetishes 

(01:10:06) Temperature, Mating Behavior & Aggression

(01:15:25) Mounting: Sexual Behavior or Dominance?

(01:20:59) Females & Male-Type Mounting Behavior

(01:24:40) PAG (Periaqueductal Gray) Brain Region: Pain Modulation & Fear 

(01:30:38) Tachykinins & Social Isolation: Anxiety, Fear & Aggression 

(01:43:49) Brain, Body & Emotions; Somatic Marker Hypothesis & Vagus Nerve 

(01:52:52) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, AG1 (Athletic Greens), Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter, Huberman Lab Clips

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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