Fortune | FORTUNE 07月04日 19:05
The U.S. is turning 249. Here are 10 Fortune 500 companies that have been around just as long
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本文聚焦了美国历史上10家历史悠久的财富500强公司。从18世纪末至今,这些企业经历了美国社会的巨大变迁,从蒸汽机时代到AI时代,从马车到互联网,它们依旧在各自的领域保持着竞争力。文章追溯了这些公司的起源、发展历程,以及它们在不同历史时期的应对策略,展现了它们在商业上的韧性与创新精神。通过这些案例,读者可以一窥美国商业史的缩影,并从中获得对企业长青的启示。

🕰️ **Macy's (1830)**:Macy's最早可以追溯到1830年的辛辛那提的John Shillito & Co.百货商店。创始人罗兰德·H·梅西于1858年在纽约开设了R.H. Macy & Co.干货店,第一天的销售额为11.06美元。如今,Macy's依旧在财富500强中占据一席之地。

🚂 **CSX Corporation (1827)**:CSX Corporation成立于1827年,最初是巴尔的摩和俄亥俄铁路公司。该公司是美国第一家公共承运人铁路公司,最初的线路覆盖马里兰州13英里。如今,CSX的铁路网络覆盖23个州的21000英里。

💡 **Consolidated Edison (1823)**:Consolidated Edison的前身是纽约煤气灯公司,成立于1823年,为曼哈顿下城区提供路灯照明。在收购了纽约蒸汽公司和托马斯·爱迪生的爱迪生照明公司后,该公司增加了蒸汽和电力业务。如今,该公司继续为客户提供这三种服务。

🦷 **Colgate (1806)**:Colgate于1806年在纽约成立,创始人威廉·科尔盖特销售淀粉、肥皂和蜡烛。该公司很快扩展到香水、剃须膏和牙膏。1873年,Colgate出售了第一罐牙膏。如今,Colgate在财富500强中排名第212位。

🏦 **JPMorgan Chase (1799)**:JPMorgan Chase最初成立于1799年,名为曼哈顿公司,旨在为纽约市提供饮用水。该公司后来涉足银行业务,与亚历山大·汉密尔顿的纽约银行展开竞争。如今,JPMorgan Chase在财富500强中排名第11位。

🍺 **Molson Coors Beverage Company (1774)**:Molson Coors Beverage Company的历史可以追溯到1774年,当时威廉·沃辛顿在英国开始酿造啤酒。该公司经历了多次合并,包括约翰·莫尔森的啤酒厂、弗雷德里克·J·米勒的普兰克路啤酒厂和阿道夫·库尔斯的金门啤酒厂。该公司在禁酒令期间通过酿造苏打水、低度啤酒和麦芽糖浆得以生存。

Flash back to the late 1700s: The United States had recently won the Revolutionary War, horse-drawn carriages were a common mode of transportation, and gas lighting was just being invented. Electricity wouldn’t be in homes for another century or so.

Now jump to 2025, to a world overrun with AI and crypto. Would you be surprised to find out that some of the companies that were getting started in the days of yore are still ranking on this year’s Fortune 500 list?

As the U.S. approaches its semiquincentennial, Fortune takes a look back at 10 Fortune 500 companies whose age rivals the nation’s—with photos to prove it.

Rowland H. Macy opened R.H. Macy & Co., a dry goods store, in 1858. The first Macy’s store is pictured here on Sixth Avenue in New York City, circa 1880.

Archive Photos—Getty Images

Macy’s oldest subsidiary is John Shillito & Co., a Cincinnati-based department store founded in 1830, making Macy’s 195 years old. Before buying Shillito’s, Macy’s was R.H. Macy & Co., a dry goods store in New York City. On the store’s first day in 1858, founder Rowland H. Macy racked up a total of $11.06 in sales, which equates to over $400 today. Now, almost 200 years after Shillito’s was founded, Macy’s is still pulling rank on the Fortune 500 at 193.

9. CSX Corporation

Potential buyers were skeptical of the steam engine when it first went into use in the mid-1800s. To convince people to buy into the novel concept, the steam engine’s capabilities were compared to that of horses, which pulled trains in B&O’s early days. Thus, the term “horsepower” came to be.

Underwood & Underwood—CORBIS/Corbis/Getty Images

One of the oldest companies still around today owns and operates railroads, and it’s ranked at 301 on the Fortune 500. CSX Corporation got its start in 1827 as the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, though it didn’t take on the name CSX until 1980, when railroad companies Chessie System and Seaboard Coast Line united. The 198-year-old company was the first common carrier railroad in the U.S., and the original line covered 13 miles across one state—Maryland. The company now covers 21,000 miles over 23 states.

Pictured here in 1938, a few years after New York Gas Light Co. became The Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, is the nerve center of the Consolidated Edison system. The company supplies New York’s metropolitan area, then counting almost 8 million people, with electric power.

Bettmann—Getty Images

Before Consolidated Edison was Consolidated Edison, it was New York Gas Light Co., and it  got its start in 1823 illuminating the street lights in a section of Lower Manhattan. By the early 1900s, the company added steam and electric to its repertoire after purchasing both New York Steam Co. and Thomas Edison’s Edison Illuminating Company. At 202 years old, the company still delivers these three utilities to customers and is ranked 286 on the Fortune 500.

American actor Clint Eastwood poses in Western gear next to a display of Philip Morris tobacco products, circa 1965. Another subsidiary of Altria, Philip Morris opened its doors in 1847, 25 years after George Weyman opened his shop.

Hulton Archive—Getty Images

In 1822, George Weyman opened a tobacco store in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The shop became the United States Tobacco Company in 1911, and it was purchased by Altria in 2009. Ranked 209 on the Fortune 500, Altria and the 203-year-old United States Tobacco Company—now renamed U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company—are developing new, smoke-free alternatives to traditional tobacco and nicotine products.

Colgate opened its Jersey City starch factory in 1820, 14 years after William Colgate first opened shop. The factory is pictured here on the left in 1925. On the right, a 1909 advertisement for Colgate’s toothpaste. The ribbon opening was added to Colgate’s toothpaste tube a year earlier; the company’s website says, “We couldn’t improve the product, so we improved the tube.”

Keystone View Company—FPG/Archive Photos/Getty Images and The Print Collector—Heritage Images/Getty Images

Though Colgate sold its first jar—yes, jar—of toothpaste in 1873, the company was founded almost 70 years earlier in 1806. Back then, William Colgate sold starches, soaps, and candles in his New York City shop, and soon branched out to perfumes, shaving cream, and, of course, toothpaste. In its 219th year, Colgate was ranked 212 on the Fortune 500.

5. DuPont de Nemours, Inc.

A close-up view of three sticks of dynamite produced by DuPont, circa 1950. DuPont supplied a lot of the explosives used by Allied armies during World War I.

R. Gates—Archive Photos/Getty Images

At 339 on the Fortune 500 is DuPont de Nemours, a chemical company that first got its start in gunpowder production 223 years ago. Founded by French chemist Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours, the company was incorporated in 1802, and construction on the gunpowder factory—called Eleutherian Mills—began soon after. DuPont, then E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, recorded its first sale two years later in 1804.

People walk past the J.P. Morgan & Co. office building, located at 23 Wall Street, circa 1905. It is the first office building in New York City to be powered by the Edison Electric Illuminating Company’s newly built electric generating station. The building was torn down in 1913 and replaced with a shorter building which still stands and is known as the J.P. Morgan Building.

Universal History Archive—Universal Images Group/Getty Images

Would you believe that JPMorgan Chase—the 226-year-old company ranked 11 on the Fortune 500—was originally founded as a water company? Back in 1799, Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr, among others, founded The Manhattan Company to supply New York City with drinking water. Tensions between Hamilton and Burr heated up when Burr used a loophole in the company’s charter that allowed extra capital to be used for banking operations, thus creating The Bank of The Manhattan Company, which was in direct competition with Hamilton’s Bank of New York. The feud between the two co-founders led to the infamous duel that resulted in Hamilton’s death.

An engraving of State Street in Boston, circa 1840, half a century after the opening of Union Bank and half a century before the opening of State Street Deposit & Trust Company.

Universal History Archive—Getty Images

In 1792, on the corner of State and Exchange Streets in Boston, a new bank opened its doors: Union Bank. State Street Corporation came later, in the 1920s, after the merger of Union Bank (at that point, National Union Bank) and the State Street Deposit & Trust Company, a competing bank that opened on State Street in 1891. If you hadn’t figured this out already, the 233-year-old company gets its name from the street the banks started on, which was also known as the “Great Street to the Sea,” because of the area’s economic prosperity tied to Boston’s history as a port city. In 2025, the corporation ranked 198 on the Fortune 500.

Andrew William Mellon, pictured here in 1930, took over T. Mellon & Sons’ Bank alongside his brother Richard in 1882, 13 years after the bank’s establishment. He later became the longest-serving secretary of the U.S. Treasury, following in Alexander Hamilton’s footsteps. In 2007, T. Mellon & Sons’ Bank, then Mellon Financial Corporation, merged with The Bank of New York to create BNY Mellon.

Keystone—Getty Images

Coming off the tail end of the Revolutionary War, The Bank of New York was created in 1784 by a group of people including Alexander Hamilton as a means of garnering foreign investment and fostering economic growth in the newly independent nation. The country was drowning in debt, and an emergency loan from a bank, Hamilton believed, was the only way to save it from bankruptcy. His plan worked, and the bank—as well as the country—is still around 241 years later, with BNY Mellon ranked 113 on this year’s Fortune 500. The Bank of New York, in fact, was the first publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange, which itself was founded on Wall Street in 1792.

Jeff and William Coors, the great-grandson and grandson, respectively, of founder Adolph Coors, pose in the brew house in the main plant in 1987 in Golden, Colorado. Adolph opened the Golden Brewery in the same town 114 years prior.

Denver Post—Getty Images

Older than the U.S. itself, Molson Coors Beverage Company got its start in 1774 when William Worthington began brewing beer in England. His business eventually merged with John Molson’s brewery (founded in 1786 in Montreal); Frederick J. Miller’s Plank Road Brewery (founded in 1855 in Wisconsin); and Adolph Coors’s Golden Brewery (founded in 1873 in Colorado). The four breweries, along with many others, merged over the course of the corporation’s 251-year history. Though the company today ranks 366 on the Fortune 500, it was not without its challenges: during the Prohibition era, Miller and Coors survived by brewing soda, near-beer and malt syrups.

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