经济学人双语精读 2024年12月17日
英语作文中的情态动词,有哪些新颖的替换?
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本文介绍了英语写作中情态动词的高级替换用法,通过分析雅思作文和考研英语例句,详细讲解了stand to、be poised to、have the potential to和promise to等短语的用法。这些短语在特定语境下可以替换can, may, would, will等情态动词,使表达更正式、更学术,并能更准确地传达推测、可能性和即将发生的状态。文章还强调,替换时需考虑语境,避免无脑替换,以提高写作质量。

💡`stand to`: 相当于`be likely to do`,表示“可能做某事”,用于表达推测,例如“You stand to make a lot from this deal.”,在写作中可替换will,使表达更正式。

🚀`be poised to do`: 相当于`be ready to do`,表示“准备好做某事,将要做某事”,强调一种即将发生、具备条件的状态,可替换will,例如“robots are poised to give rise to profound changes.”

🌱`have the potential to do`: 表示“有...的潜力,有可能...”,在特定语境下,可替换may/would等情态动词,表达一种可能性,例如“stars’ exorbitant income has the potential to sow discord and disorder in society.”

🔭`promise to do`: 在特定语境下,表示“有望、有可能”,替换may, can, would等,表达一种推测的语气,例如“the seminar also promises to be most instructive.”

原创 Soren 2024-12-17 09:24 江苏

前段时间有同学留言,希望讲一讲情态动词的高级替换。以下内容,大部分来自作文批改班里的素材。

前段时间有同学留言,希望讲一讲情态动词的高级替换。


以下内容,大部分来自作文批改班里的素材:


01

stand to


看一位学员写的一篇关于“远程学习”的雅思作文,题目要求是:

Many people join distance-learning programmes (study materials, posts, TV, Internet) and study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the same benefit as attending colleges or universities does.

How far do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

许多人参加远程学习项目(如学习资料、邮件、电视、互联网等)并在家中学习,但也有人认为,这种方式无法带来与亲自就读大学或学院相同的好处。

对于这一观点,您有多大程度的认同或反对?

请给出您的理由,并结合您自己的知识或经验,提供相关的例子。


在分析远程学习的弊端时,一位学员是这样写的:

Furthermore, a college student will reap the benefits of individualized face-to-face tutoring and have more opportunities to practice, while students enrolled in an online program are likely to have no chance to apply theory to practice.

此外,大学生将受益于个性化的面对面辅导,并有更多的实践机会,而参加在线课程的学生则可能缺乏将理论应用于实践的机会。


修改后如下:

Furthermore, college students stand to gain from individualized in-person tutoring and are presented with abundant opportunities for hands-on experience, a privilege often unavailable to students in online programs.


看几处改动:


will reap the benefits of改为stand to gain from,will是一个情态动词,此处表示一种推测。表示推测时,我们也可以用stand to替换,后者相当于be likely to do,意思是“可能做某事”。例如:

You stand to make a lot from this deal. 
你很可能会从这笔生意中大赚一笔。

再看一个《经济学人》关于电动汽车文章里的句子:

The world’s drivers stand to gain from cheaper and greener cars.
全球司机将从更便宜、更环保的汽车中受益。


原句“individualized face-to-face tutoring”指“个性化的面对面学习”,修改为“individualized in-person tutoring”,用“in-person”替代了“face-to-face”,这两个短语在语义上非常接近,但in-person更加正式,更加简洁。


原句“have more opportunities to practice”修改为“are presented with abundant opportunities for hands-on experience”.
修改后的句子结构更加正式,更有表现力。

其中,be presented with比have更加正式,更加学术;abundant强调了机会的丰富性,替换简单词more;hands-on experience比practice更具体。


原句“while students enrolled in an online program are likely to have no chance to apply theory to practice”直接改为“a privilege often unavailable to students in online programs”,其中a privilege是individualized in-person tutoring和abundant opportunities for hands-on experience的同位语,指个性化面对面辅导和丰富的实践机会是一种福利。

什么福利?privilege后面通过形容词形式的后置定语进行补充:unavailable to students in online programs参加网络学习项目的学生无法获得的福利。

修改后,将原来的句子结构化解为“名词+后置定语修饰”的结构,使句子更加凝练、句式更加清爽。


02

be poised to do


再看一篇关于“机器人”的雅思作文,题目要求是:

Some people think that robots are very important for humans’ future development. Others, however, think that robots are dangerous inventions that could have negative effects on society.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

有些人认为,机器人对人类未来的发展至关重要。然而,也有人认为,机器人是一种危险的发明,可能对社会产生负面影响。

请探讨这两种观点,并给出自己的看法。


在段末进行总结时,一位学员是这么写的:

In conclusion, like any revolutionary technology, robots would give rise to drastic changes.

总之,像任何革命性技术一样,机器人将带来深刻的变革。


修改如下:

In conclusion, akin to any revolutionary technology, robots are poised to give rise to profound changes.


看几处改动:

like 是一个口语化词汇,常见于口语中,但在写作中可能不够正式。可改为be akin to,表示“类似于、与...相似”,更加正式,常用于写作或学术报告中,《飘》中也出现过这个表达:

She peered quickly at Frank and, when she saw who it was, her face changed — pleasure, bewilderment and something akin to guilt spreading over it.

她迅速扫了一眼弗兰克,看到是谁后,脸上的表情随即变化——愉悦、困惑以及某种近乎愧疚的情感在她脸上蔓延开来。


would give rise to改为了are poised to give rise to,would表示一种假设和推测,因为前面已经对该观点进行了论证,所以这里语气可以确定一点,改为are poised to give rise to。

be poised to do相当于be ready to do,表示“准备好做某事,将要做某事”,确定性更强,强调一种即将发生、具备条件的状态,可以替换will。

米歇尔·奥巴马的《Becoming》一书中出现过这个词:

If you believed the polls, it appeared that Barack was poised to win, but I also knew he’d been working on two possible speeches for the night ahead.

如果只看民意测验,贝拉克明显胜券在握。但我知道他为那晚准备了两篇讲稿。


03

have the potential to do


再看一篇关于“明星高薪是否公平”的雅思作文,作文要求是:

Celebrities such as actors and sports personalities earn a lot more than other professionals. Some people believe that this is unfair while others think that celebrities deserve to be paid more. Discuss both points of view and give your own opinion on the subject.

像演员和体育明星这样的名人,往往赚得比其他专业人士多。有些人认为这是不公平的,而另一些人则认为名人应当获得更高的报酬。请探讨这两种观点,并发表个人看法。


在表达自己观点时,一位学员是这样写的:

In my opinion, stars’ high income is unfair and may cause chaos in the society.

在我看来,明星的高收入是不公平的,且可能引发社会的混乱。


修改如下:

In my opinion, stars’ exorbitant income is unfair and has the potential to sow discord and disorder in society.


写作中,may/would 等情态动词可以用 have the potential to 替换,并不是说它们含义相同,只是说在特定语境下,它们表达的含义有共同之处,比如在本文语境中,may 和 have the potential to 都表示一种可能性。


sow 是一个动词,原本指的是“播种”,这里sow 形容“播种”负面的影响或情绪,类似“引发、导致”的含义,看个例子:

an attempt to sow doubt among the jury members

让陪审团成员产生怀疑的企图


04

promise to do


2017年考研英语一的Text 2中有这么一句话:

Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

当地爆发了抗议活动,反对建造“30米望远镜(TMT)”——这是一个巨大的巨型天文台,有可能会刷新人们对宇宙的认知。 


promise在这里不是“许诺”,而是“有望、有可能”,表示一种推测的语气,写作中可以替换may, can, would等。看个例句:

While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive.

这次的研讨会不仅会有趣,而且有可能会颇具启发意义。


总结:

英语作文中,can / may / would / will 等情态动词,可以考虑用 stand to, be poised to, have the potential to, promise to 等替换,但替换时要考虑语境是否恰当,不能无脑替换。

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