来源:雪球App,作者: 王冠亚,(https://xueqiu.com/4525540121/298402884)
巴菲特致股东的信原文精读Day410:
原文:In judging whether managers should retain earnings, shareholders should not simply compare total incremental earnings in recent years to total incremental capital because that relationship may be distorted by what is going on in a core business. During an inflationary period, companies with a core business characterized by extraordinary economics can use small amounts of incremental capital in that business at very high rates of return (as was discussed in last year’s section on Goodwill). But, unless they are experiencing tremendous unit growth, outstanding businesses by definition generate large amounts of excess cash. If a company sinks most of this money in other businesses that earn low returns, the company’s overall return on retained capital may nevertheless appear excellent because of the extraordinary returns being earned by the portion of earnings incrementally invested in the core business. The situation is analogous to a Pro-Am golf event: even if all of the amateurs are hopeless duffers, the team’s best-ball score will be respectable because of the dominating skills of the professional.(1984)
释义:1.“distorted”意为“扭曲”;
2.“tremendous”意为“巨大的”;
3.“analogous”意为“相似的”;“Pro-Am”意为“职业选手和业余选手混合赛”;
4.“amateurs”意为“业余选手”;“duffers”意为“笨蛋”、“傻瓜”。
精译:在判断经理人是否应该保留收益时,股东不应简单地将近年来的总增量收益与总增量资本进行比较,因为这种关系可能会被核心业务所扭曲。在通货膨胀期间,核心业务具有非凡经济表现的公司,可能以非常高的回报率使用少量增量资本(正如去年关于商誉的讨论那样)。但是,除非优秀的公司会经历巨大的单位增长,否则从定义上讲,它们会产生大量的超额现金。如果一家公司将大部分资金投资于其他回报率较低的业务,由于投入到核心业务的增量收益部分可以获得非凡的回报,那么公司的留存收益总体回报率可能仍然很高。这种情况类似于美式职业和业余高尔夫混合赛:即使所有业余选手都是无可救药的笨蛋,由于职业选手的技能占据主导地位,球队的最佳球分依然会非常体面。(1984年)
心得:增量资本回报率=总增量收益/总增量资本,巴菲特认为这一指标较为粗糙,不能反映企业的真实经营情况。举个简单的例子,投入核心业务的增量资本是200万美元,增量收益是100万美元,收益率高达50%;投入普通业务的增量资本是800万美元,增量收益是80万美元,收益率仅有10%。如果合并计算,1000万美元的增量资本,产生了180万美元的增量汇报,18%的回报率看起来也不错。但这只不过是因为,核心业务的优秀掩盖了普通业务的平庸。值得注意的是,核心业务的收益率虽然很高,但通常而言,越是优秀的业务,对资金的需求量越少,投向核心业务的增量资本一般会少于投向普通业务的增量资本。
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