Astral Codex Ten Podcast feed 2024年07月17日
[Repost] Epistemic Learned Helplessness
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文章探讨了人们对于有效论证的接受问题,指出即使论证成立,人们也可能因为结论不受欢迎或不方便而拒绝接受。作者反思了一种理性艺术,即在证明某事后使人们相信它,但最终认为这是一个糟糕的想法。

🤔文章提出,即使一个论证有效,人们也可能因为个人喜好或便利性而拒绝接受其结论,这种现象在日常生活中普遍存在。

💡作者的朋友设想了一种理性艺术,希望通过论证使人们在接受证明后相信某个观点,但作者经过思考后认为这并非好主意。

📚作者以自己年轻时阅读伪历史书籍的经历为例,说明了即使是看似完美的论证也可能被反驳,而反驳本身也可能再次被反驳,这反映了论证的相对性和信念的不稳定性。

[This is a slightly edited repost of an essay from my old LiveJournal]

A friend recently complained about how many people lack the basic skill of believing arguments. That is, if you have a valid argument for something, then you should accept the conclusion. Even if the conclusion is unpopular, or inconvenient, or you don’t like it. He envisioned an art of rationality that would make people believe something after it had been proven to them.

And I nodded my head, because it sounded reasonable enough, and it wasn’t until a few hours later that I thought about it again and went “Wait, no, that would be a terrible idea.”

I don’t think I’m overselling myself too much to expect that I could argue circles around the average uneducated person. Like I mean that on most topics, I could demolish their position and make them look like an idiot. Reduce them to some form of “Look, everything you say fits together and I can’t explain why you’re wrong, I just know you are!” Or, more plausibly, “Shut up I don’t want to talk about this!”

And there are people who can argue circles around me. Maybe not on every topic, but on topics where they are experts and have spent their whole lives honing their arguments. When I was young I used to read pseudohistory books; Immanuel Velikovsky’s Ages in Chaos is a good example of the best this genre has to offer. I read it and it seemed so obviously correct, so perfect, that I could barely bring myself to bother to search out rebuttals.

And then I read the rebuttals, and they were so obviously correct, so devastating, that I couldn’t believe I had ever been so dumb as to believe Velikovsky.

And then I read the rebuttals to the rebuttals, and they were so obviously correct that I felt silly for ever doubting.

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理性艺术 论证接受 信念困境
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