Astral Codex Ten Podcast feed 2024年07月17日
Caution on Bias Arguments
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文章探讨了偏见的存在及其对论证的影响,指出每个人都会受到偏见的影响,而利用偏见来否定他人观点是低效且有害的。

🧠 人人都有偏见:作者通过自己的身份和背景展示了人们可以从不同角度对他人的偏见进行指责,说明每个人都可能因为不同的标签而被认为持有某种偏见。

🔍 偏见的多样性:文章举例说明了对于同一议题,如月球殖民,不同的人可能因为不同的原因而持有支持或反对的偏见。

🛑 偏见论证的无效性:作者认为用偏见来否定他人的观点是不公平且无建设性的,这样的论证方式会导致对话停滞不前。

“You say it’s important to overcome biases. So isn’t it hypocritical that you’re not trying to overcome whichever bias prevents you from realizing you’re wrong and I’m right?” — everybody

Correcting for bias is important. Learning about specific biases, like confirmation bias or hindsight bias, can be helpful. But bias arguments – “People probably only believe X because of their bias, so we should ignore people who say X” tend to be unproductive and even toxic. Why?

1. Everyone Is Biased All The Time

You could accuse me of having a conservative bias. After all, I’m a well-off straight white man, a demographic well-known to lean conservative. If a liberal wanted to discount everything I say, or assume any conservative arguments I make come from self-serving motives, they’ve got all the ammunition they need.

Or you could accuse me of having a liberal bias. After all, I’m a college-educated atheist Jewish psychiatrist in the San Francisco Bay Area. All of those demographics are well-known to lean liberal. If a conservative wanted to discount everything I say, or assume any liberal arguments I make come from self-serving motives, they’re not short on ammunition either.

This is a general phenomenon: for any issue, you can think of biases that could land people on one side or the other. People might be biased toward supporting moon colonization because of decades of sci-fi movies pushing space colonization as the wave of the future, or because Americans remember the moon landing as a great patriotic victory, or because big defense companies like Boeing will lobby for a project that would win them new contracts. Or people might be biased against moon colonization because of hidebound Luddite-ism, or an innate hominid preference for lush green forests and grasslands, or a pessimistic near-termism that rejects with payoffs more than a few years out. I personally might be biased towards moon colonization because I’ve been infected with the general Silicon Valley technophile mindset; or I personally might be biased against it because I’m a Democrat and Trump’s been the loudest modern proponent of more moon missions.

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偏见 理性论证 身份政治
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