本期节目邀请了伦敦大学学院创新与公共价值经济学教授玛丽安娜·马祖卡托，她主张为了应对21世纪的重大挑战，我们需要重新思考政府的能力和作用，恢复公共目标意识。她呼吁以创新、协作和使命导向的方式思考问题，并采取利益相关者视角看待公私合作关系，共同承担风险并分享收益。

🚀 **使命经济：重塑资本主义，解决社会问题** 玛丽安娜·马祖卡托认为，为了应对21世纪的重大挑战，我们需要重塑资本主义，将经济活动与社会目标紧密结合。她提出的“使命经济”理念，强调政府在引导创新、解决社会问题中的重要作用。政府应发挥引导作用，制定明确的目标，并通过公共政策和资金投入，鼓励企业和社会组织协同合作，共同实现社会目标。 例如，应对气候变化、消除贫困、改善医疗保健等问题，都需要政府、企业和社会组织共同努力。政府可以通过制定碳排放标准、投资可再生能源技术等措施，引导企业进行绿色转型；政府还可以通过税收优惠、补贴等方式，鼓励企业开发新的技术和产品，帮助解决社会问题。 使命经济的核心在于将经济活动与社会价值紧密结合，使企业和社会组织在追求自身利益的同时，也能为社会做出贡献。这种模式不仅有利于解决社会问题，也有利于经济的可持续发展。

🤝 **公私合作：利益共享，风险共担** 在使命经济中，公私合作是实现社会目标的重要手段。传统的公私合作模式往往以政府为主导，企业作为执行者，政府承担大部分风险，而企业则享受大部分收益。这种模式容易导致政府过度干预，企业缺乏创新动力。 玛丽安娜·马祖卡托主张，公私合作应该采取利益相关者视角，即政府、企业、社会组织等所有利益相关者共同承担风险，也共同分享收益。例如，政府可以提供资金支持，企业可以提供技术和管理经验，社会组织可以提供社会服务，共同合作开发新技术、新产品，并共同分享收益。 这种合作模式可以有效降低政府风险，提高企业创新动力，并促进社会资源的有效配置。它也更加符合公平正义的原则，使所有利益相关者都能从合作中获益。

🧠 **文化变革：从个人主义到集体主义** 为了实现使命经济，我们需要改变现有的文化观念，从个人主义转向集体主义。在个人主义的文化中，人们往往只关注自身利益，而忽略社会整体利益。这种文化观念不利于社会合作，也难以解决社会问题。 玛丽安娜·马祖卡托认为，我们需要培养一种更加注重社会责任感的文化，鼓励人们参与社会事务，共同解决社会问题。例如，我们可以鼓励企业承担社会责任，参与慈善事业，为社会做出贡献。我们也可以鼓励个人积极参与社区活动，为社区发展贡献力量。 文化变革是一个长期的过程，需要政府、企业、社会组织和个人共同努力。只有当我们转变了文化观念，才能够真正实现使命经济，解决社会问题，创造更加美好的未来。

In Episode 185 of Hidden Forces, Demetri Kofinas speaks with Mariana Mazzucato, a Professor in the Economics of Innovation and Public Value at University College London (UCL), where she is Founding Director of the UCL Institute for Innovation & Public Purpose (IIPP). She is the winner of numerous, prestigious international prizes including the 2020 John von Neumann Award, Chairs the World Health Organization's Council on “the Economics of Health for All,” and is also the author of three highly-acclaimed books, the latest of which is “Mission Economy: a Moonshot Guide to Changing Capitalism.” 

In it, Mariana argues that if we want to meet the principal challenges facing us in the 21st century, we need to rethink the capacities and role of government and above all recover a sense of public purpose. We need to be innovative, collaborative, and mission-oriented in our thinking, while also taking a stakeholder view of public-private partnerships, which means that when we take risks together that we also share in the rewards that derive from those risks.  

The purpose of today’s conversation is to help you think bigger about how we as a community of citizens and nations can mobilize our resources in a way that is bold, inspirational, and oriented towards solving the most ‘wicked’ social problems of our time. This means changing government tools and culture, creating new markers of corporate governance, and ensuring that corporations, society, and the government can coalesce around a common set of goals, ambitions, and objectives.  

In the subscriber overtime, Mariana and Demetri discuss how the politics of divisiveness impact our ability to work towards shared outcomes, why Western society seems to have become more individualistic, and what we can do to shift our cultural awareness towards a more collaborative mind-set when it comes to value creation in both the public and private sectors.

You can access the episode overtime, as well as the transcript and rundown to this week’s episode through the Hidden Forces Patreon Page. All subscribers gain access to our overtime feed, which can be easily added to your favorite podcast application.

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Episode Recorded on 03/22/2021