本文探讨了长新冠的风险，尤其是对于年轻的接种疫苗人群。作者发现，长新冠可能表现出多种不同的症状，其中一些是显而易见的，而另一些则仍然神秘。作者还发现，长新冠的严重程度可能比人们想象的要严重，即使是轻症患者也可能出现肺损伤等问题。

🦠 长新冠可能表现出多种不同的症状，其中一些是显而易见的，而另一些则仍然神秘。 首先，患有严重新冠肺炎并被送入重症监护室的患者会在多个器官系统中出现长期症状。这并不令人惊讶，应该放在重症监护综合征的背景下考虑。基本上，如果任何疾病让你病重到需要进入重症监护室，你的身体将会受到疾病（以及可能出现的重症监护的不可避免的副作用）的严重影响，这种影响将会持续很长时间，并导致许多问题。例如，如果你卧床休息数周，你的肌肉会萎缩，然后需要很长时间才能恢复，你会感到虚弱和脆弱，直到你恢复。或者，如果你的肺停止工作，你需要机械通气，你的肺可能在一段时间内都很虚弱，你身体的其他部位可能无法获得足够的氧气，并可能受到损害，这种损害需要很长时间才能恢复。 还有一个类似的问题，如果你足够年迈和虚弱，任何疾病都会降低你的功能水平，你可能无法恢复到以前的水平。例如，这篇文章讨论了大约 1/5 的老年流感患者会发生“持续性功能下降”，并且可能永远无法恢复到流感前的功能水平。

🫁 即使是轻症患者，新冠肺炎有时也会导致肺损伤。 如果你出现肺损伤，你至少会呼吸困难，甚至可能出现其他问题。你的肺最终可能会痊愈，但某些类型的肺愈合会导致永久性瘢痕形成；这可能表现为运动时呼吸急促，或者在其他肺损伤后成为问题。

🧠 长新冠的症状可能非常复杂，包括疲劳、脑雾、呼吸困难、心悸、疼痛和睡眠问题等。 这些症状可能持续数周、数月甚至数年，对患者的生活质量造成严重影响。目前，长新冠的病因和治疗方法尚不清楚，但研究人员正在积极寻找答案。

🤔 长新冠的风险对于年轻的接种疫苗人群来说尤其值得关注。 虽然接种疫苗可以有效地预防严重疾病和死亡，但它并不能完全消除感染新冠肺炎的风险。因此，即使是轻症患者也可能出现长新冠症状，这对于年轻人的未来健康和生活质量来说是一个潜在的威胁。

⚠️ 对于长新冠的风险，目前还没有明确的结论，需要更多的研究和数据才能更好地理解这种疾病。 然而，作者认为，对于长新冠的风险应该引起重视，并采取必要的预防措施，例如接种疫苗、戴口罩、保持社交距离等。

🤕 长新冠的严重程度可能比人们想象的要严重。 即使是轻症患者也可能出现肺损伤等问题，而这些问题可能会导致长期健康问题。因此，对于长新冠的风险应该保持警惕，并及时寻求医疗帮助。

https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/long-covid-much-more-than-you-wanted

Like everyone else, I'm trying to figure out how cautious I should be around COVID. It seems like the most important concern for young vaccinated people like myself is the risk of Long COVID symptoms, so I spent a while trying to figure out what those were.

My basic conclusion is that everyone else is right, that news stories on this phenomenon seem remarkably good, and that there's not much we know for sure beyond the simple summary you've probably already heard. Insofar as anything surprised me, it was how bad the worst-case scenario would be.

Here are some of the basic things I found:

1. Long COVID is probably a lot of different things, some of which are boring and obvious, others of which are still kind of mysterious.

First, people with severe COVID that lands them in the ICU have long-lasting symptoms in multiple organ systems. This isn't surprising, and should be considered in the context of post-ICU syndrome. Basically, if anything makes you sick enough to land in the ICU, your body is going to be pretty scarred by the illness (and maybe also by the inevitable side effects of intensive care), and this will last a long time and cause many problems. EG if you’re bedridden for many weeks, your muscles waste away, and then it takes a long time for them to recover and you feel weak and fragile until you do. Or if your lungs stop working and you need mechanical ventilation, your lungs might be pretty weak for a while, and other parts of your body might not get quite the amount of oxygen they’re used to and might get damaged in a way that takes a long time to recover. There’s a similar problem where if you are sufficiently old and frail, any illness will take you down a level of functioning and you might not be able to get up a level again. See for example this article discussing how about 1/5 of elderly flu patients have “persistent functional decline” and may never regain their pre-flu level of functioning.

Second, even in young people with milder cases, COVID can sometimes cause lung damage. If you get lung damage, you’ll have at least breathing problems, and maybe other problems. Your lungs will probably heal eventually, but some kinds of lung healing cause permanent scarring; this can present as shortness of breath on exertion, or become a problem later after other lung injuries.