本文汇总了十月份的几个有趣链接，涵盖了石油泄漏、书籍历史、建筑风格、服务行业变迁、理性思考等主题。文章还提到了关于智商研究和纳粹主义的争议，并探讨了相关历史背景。

👨‍🔧 **石油泄漏的胜利？** Our World In Data网站发布了一篇关于石油泄漏的报告，结论是，我们正在赢得这场与石油泄漏的战争。报告指出，近年来，石油泄漏的发生率和规模都在下降，这得益于技术进步、监管加强以及公众意识的提高。报告还强调了，尽管石油泄漏的风险依然存在，但我们已经拥有了有效的工具和措施来应对这些风险。

📖 **书籍的五根支柱** @incunabula在推特上发布了一篇关于西方书籍历史的帖子，他认为，西方书籍的形成依赖于五个关键因素：蜗牛、耶稣、内衣、眼镜和奶酪。帖子解释了这五个因素如何影响了书籍的材料、内容、形式和传播方式。例如，蜗牛提供了书写材料，耶稣提供了宗教内容，内衣提供了纸张的保护，眼镜提供了阅读的便利，而奶酪则是书籍制作过程中不可或缺的营养来源。

🏘️ **巴塞罗那的建筑之争** 巴塞罗那的“不和谐苹果”街区是一个著名的建筑奇观，四个著名建筑师在同一街区建造了风格迥异的住宅，形成了鲜明的对比。该街区的名字“不和谐苹果”也是一个双关语，既指代了建筑风格的冲突，也暗指了希腊神话中金苹果引发的争端。

👨‍💼 **服务行业的衰落** 文章探讨了上世纪30年代到二战结束期间，美国中产阶级家庭雇佣佣人的现象。文章指出，在战后，雇佣佣人的现象几乎消失殆尽，这主要是由于供应端的问题，即越来越少的人愿意从事服务行业。文章还提到了政府为解决这一问题而设立的委员会。

🧠 **理性思考的争论** 文章评论了史蒂芬·平克的新书《理性》，书中平克认为，狩猎采集者部落一直在运用批判性思维，他们对权威的论点持怀疑态度，并依靠“科学思维”来生存。文章还提到了该观点与亨利奇的《我们成功的秘密》一书的对比。

🚫 **纳粹对智商研究的态度** 文章指出，纳粹并不支持智商研究，他们认为智商研究会成为“犹太人巩固其统治地位的工具”，并压制“实用智慧”和“性格”等更具“雅利安人”价值观的品质。文章建议，当有人说他们不相信智商的时候，可以质疑他们是否在延续纳粹的意识形态。

📚 **链接的价值** 本文链接了十月份的几个有趣文章，涵盖了不同的主题，为读者提供了丰富的信息和思考。

🌐 **链接的局限性** 需要注意的是，本文链接的文章并未经过独立验证，可能会存在错误或误导信息。

🚨 **阅读提示** 读者在阅读本文链接的文章时，应该保持批判性思维，并注意验证信息来源的可靠性。

💡 **思考启示** 本文链接的文章引发了我们对社会、历史、科学、文化等多个方面的思考，也让我们看到了信息传播的多样性和复杂性。

https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/links-for-october

[Remember, I haven’t independently verified each link. On average, commenters will end up spotting evidence that around two or three of the links in each links post are wrong or misleading. I correct these as I see them, and will highlight important corrections later, but I can’t guarantee I will have caught them all by the time you read this.]

1: Our World In Data - we are winning the war on oil spills:

2: @incunabula: “Cheese is one of the 5 things the Western book as we know it depends on. The other four are snails, Jesus, underwear and spectacles. If even one of these things was absent, the book you hold in your hand today would look completely different. I'll explain why…”

3: Mansana de la Discordia (“the block of discord”) is a city block in Barcelona where four of the city’s most famous architects built houses next to each other in clashing styles: It’s also a pun on manzana de la Discordia, “Apple of Discord”

4: As late as the 1930s, most upper-middle-class American families had servants. By the end of World War II, almost nobody did. The transition was first felt as a supply-side issue - well-off people wanted servants as much as ever, but fewer and fewer people were willing to serve. Here’s an article on the government commission set up to deal with the problem. I first saw this linked by somebody trying to tie it in to the current labor shortage.

5: Harvard Gazette reviews Stephen Pinker’s new book on rationality. Someone sent this to me for the contrast with Secret Of Our Success - Pinker argues that hunter-gatherer tribes use critical thinking all the time, are skeptical of arguments from authority, and “owe their survival to a scientific mindset”. I’d love to see a debate between Pinker and Henrich (or an explanation of why they feel like they’re really on the same side and don’t need to iron anything out).

6: It’s hard to talk about IQ research without getting accused of something something Nazis. But here’s a claim that actually, Nazis hated IQ research, worrying that it would “be an instrument of Jewry to fortify its hegemony” and outshine more properly Aryan values like “practical intelligence” and “character”. Whenever someone tells you that they don’t believe in IQ, consider calling them out on perpetuating discredited Nazi ideology.