本期 Hidden Forces 播客邀请了 Meghan O'Sullivan 和 Jason Bordoff 讨论能源政策，以及在平衡国家安全关切和国际气候目标方面的巨大挑战。两位嘉宾都认为，向净零排放的全球经济转型需要前所未有的全球合作，但也将带来冲突，并不可避免地产生赢家和输家。政府投资和私营部门创新对于管理这一转型至关重要，但需要采取有意识的措施来减轻这一变化带来的地缘政治风险，而乌克兰战争只是最新的例子。

🤔 **能源转型需要全球合作** Meghan O'Sullivan 和 Jason Bordoff 都认为，向净零排放的全球经济转型需要前所未有的全球合作。这将涉及多个国家之间的协调，以制定共同目标、政策和行动计划。例如，各国需要合作开发和部署清洁能源技术，以及建立新的供应链以满足全球对可再生能源的需求。此外，各国还需要协商碳定价机制和其他政策，以鼓励低碳经济发展。

🌎 **能源转型将带来地缘政治风险** 能源转型将不可避免地导致地缘政治风险的增加。例如，随着各国转向清洁能源，对关键矿产和资源的需求将会增加，这可能会加剧竞争和冲突。此外，能源转型还可能导致新的贸易模式和投资流，这些变化可能会影响全球经济和政治格局。例如，乌克兰战争已经暴露了欧洲对俄罗斯天然气的依赖，突出了能源安全和地缘政治风险之间的紧密联系。

💡 **政府和私营部门需要共同努力** 政府和私营部门在能源转型中发挥着至关重要的作用。政府需要制定政策，鼓励清洁能源技术创新和部署，并为绿色基础设施投资提供资金。私营部门需要开发和部署新技术，并投资于清洁能源项目。此外，政府和私营部门需要合作，以减轻能源转型带来的地缘政治风险，并确保公平公正的过渡。例如，政府可以提供财政支持，帮助企业和个人适应能源转型，并确保没有人被落下。

🤝 **公众参与至关重要** 能源转型需要公众的广泛参与和支持。公民需要了解能源转型的重要性，以及它将如何影响他们的生活。政府和私营部门需要与公众进行沟通，并倾听他们的意见和担忧。例如，可以通过教育、宣传和公众参与活动来提高公众对能源转型的认识。

💰 **投资清洁能源至关重要** 为了实现能源转型，需要对清洁能源技术和基础设施进行大量投资。这包括可再生能源、储能、智能电网和低碳交通等领域。政府和私营部门都需要增加投资，以加速清洁能源的部署。此外，还需要制定新的金融机制，以吸引更多资金投入清洁能源领域。例如，可以考虑建立绿色债券市场，以及为清洁能源项目提供税收优惠和补贴。

In Episode 281 of Hidden Forces, Demetri Kofinas speaks with Meghan O’Sullivan and Jason Bordoff. Meghan O’Sullivan is a former deputy national security adviser on Iraq and Afghanistan. She is currently Jeane Kirkpatrick Professor of the Practice of International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School and a board member of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Kennedy School. She sits on the board of directors at Raytheon and the Council on Foreign relations, and is the North American Chair of the Trilateral Commission. Jason Bordoff is the Co-Founding Dean of the Columbia Climate School, the Founding Director of the Center on Global Energy Policy, and Professor of Professional Practice in International and Public Relations at Columbia University. Jason also served as Special Assistant to President Barack Obama and Senior Director for Energy and Climate Change on the Staff of the National Security Council, and, prior to that, held senior policy positions on the White House's National Economic Council and Council on Environmental Quality.

Our episode today focuses on energy policy and the immense challenges inherent in trying to balance national security concerns with international climate objectives. As Meghan and Jason have both argued, moving to a net-zero global economy will require an unprecedented level of global cooperation. It will also lead to conflict along the way and inevitably produce winners and losers. While government investment and private sector innovation is crucial to managing this transition, conscious steps need to be taken in order to mitigate the geopolitical risks that this change will create, of which the war in Ukraine is only the latest example.

The goal of today’s conversation is to provide you with a framework for thinking about what this transition is going to look like, the challenges and opportunities that it will create along the way for governments, business, and investors, and what will be needed from all of us in order get it right.

You can access the transcript and intelligence report to this week’s conversation by going directly to the episode page at HiddenForces.io and clicking on "premium extras." All subscribers gain access to our premium feed, which can be easily added to your favorite podcast application.

If you want access to our Hidden Forces genius community, which includes Q&A calls with guests, access to special research and analysis, in-person events, and dinners, you can learn more at HiddenForces.io/subscribe. If you have further questions, feel free to send an email to info@hiddenforces.io, and Demetri or someone else from our team will get right back to you.

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Episode Recorded on 10/31/2022