The Jim Rutt Show 2024年07月17日
EP104 Joe Henrich on WEIRD People
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本书探讨了西方人(WEIRD)的心理特质,以及这种“怪异”对学术研究、认知、文化和社会的影响。作者分析了西方人独特的心理特征,例如个人主义、罪恶感文化、分析性思维等,并探讨了这些特征如何影响西方社会的繁荣与发展。

🤔 **西方人(WEIRD)的“怪异”心理特质:**本书将西方人定义为“WEIRD”,即西方教育、工业化、富裕、民主的群体,他们的心理特质与其他文化群体存在显著差异。WEIRD 人群倾向于个人主义、分析性思维、普遍主义道德观,与其他文化群体相比,他们更重视个人权利和自由。

📚 **认知能力与文化演化的关系:**作者认为,文化演化对人类认知能力产生重要影响。例如,识字能力可以提高个人的抽象思维能力和逻辑推理能力。西方社会高度重视教育和识字,这可能促进了西方人认知能力的发展。

🤝 **亲属关系与社会组织:**本书探讨了亲属关系在不同文化中的作用,以及亲属关系如何影响社会组织和合作方式。作者认为,西方社会中非亲属组织的兴起,促进了个人主义和竞争的文化发展。

⚖️ **正义观与社会发展:**作者分析了不同文化对正义观的理解,并探讨了正义观如何影响社会发展。西方社会强调个人权利和公平,这可能促进了西方社会的繁荣和进步。

💰 **个人主义与创新:**作者认为,个人主义文化有利于创新和经济发展。西方社会的个人主义倾向,鼓励人们独立思考、追求个人目标,并勇于冒险和创新。

🧠 **认知风格:**作者还探讨了西方人与其他文化群体的认知风格差异。西方人倾向于分析性思维,而其他文化群体可能更偏向于整体性思维。这种认知风格差异可能对文化演化和社会发展产生深远的影响。

Joe Henrich talks to Jim about some of the key insights from his book, The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar & Particularly Prosperous.Joe Henrich talks to Jim about some of the key insights from his book, The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar & Particularly Prosperous. They cover who the WEIRD people are & what impact their WERDness has on academic research, the impact of literacy on cognition, nature & nurture, the unique characteristics of WEIRD people, individualist vs relational dispositions, guilt vs shame cultures, how events in Middle Ages driven by the Catholic Church lead to WEIRDness, kin-based institutions & cultures, non-kin organizations in societies & their impacts, differing views on justice, individualism's role in innovation & wealth, wholistic vs analytical thinking, moral universalism, free will, possible WEIRD genetic drivers, and more.Episode TranscriptMentions & Recommendations Joe's book, The WEIRDest People in the World Joe's paper, The weirdest people in the world? JRS: EP100 Sam Bowles on Our Cooperative Nature Joe on Twitter Jonathan HaidtDr. Henrich is currently a Harvard Professor and Chair of the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology. Before moving to Harvard, he was a professor of both Economics and Psychology at the University of British Columbia for nearly a decade, where he held the Canada Research Chair in Culture, Cognition and Coevolution. In 2013-14, Dr. Henrich held the Peter and Charlotte Schoenenfeld Faculty Fellowship at NYU’s Stern School of Business. His research deploys evolutionary theory to understand how human psychology gives rise to cultural evolution and how this has shaped our species’ genetic evolution. Using insights generated from this approach, Professor Henrich has explored a variety of topics, including economic decision-making, social norms, fairness, religion, marriage, prestige, cooperation and innovation. He’s conducted long-term anthropological fieldwork in Peru, Chile and in the South Pacific, as well as having spearheaded several large comparative projects.

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文化差异 心理特质 西方社会 认知能力 社会发展
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