本期节目邀请了洛克菲勒大学神经遗传学语言实验室主任兼霍华德·休斯医学研究所研究员Erich Jarvis博士，探讨了人类（以及某些动物物种）学习和使用复杂语言的独特能力，包括语音产生和理解书面语和口语的能力。我们还讨论了语言、歌唱和舞蹈之间的联系，以及为什么歌唱可能在语言之前进化。Jarvis博士还解释了一些口吃/言语障碍、非语言交流的潜在生物学和遗传成分，为什么在孩童时期学习语言最容易，以及个人如何在任何年龄学习多种语言。

🧠 **语言的起源：歌唱可能先于语言** Jarvis博士认为，歌唱可能在语言之前进化，因为歌唱与情感表达、社会互动和吸引配偶密切相关。研究表明，人类和某些鸟类物种共享一些与语言和歌唱相关的基因，这支持了歌唱可能是一个古老的进化特征的理论。

🧬 **基因与语言：揭示语言和言语障碍的遗传基础** Jarvis博士的实验室研究了与语言和歌唱相关的基因，并发现了一些与口吃和语言障碍相关的基因。这些发现为理解语言障碍的遗传基础提供了新的见解，并可能导致新的治疗方法的开发。

🧠 **语言学习的关键期：为什么孩童更容易学习语言** Jarvis博士解释了语言学习的关键期，即大脑对语言学习最敏感的时期，通常在儿童时期。在这个时期，大脑更容易学习新的语言和发音。然而，成年人也可以学习新的语言，只是学习过程可能更加困难。

🎤 **语言与音乐：探索舞蹈与歌唱之间的联系** Jarvis博士指出，舞蹈和歌唱之间存在密切的联系，两者都涉及到复杂的运动控制和节奏。他认为，舞蹈可能有助于发展语言能力，因为舞蹈需要精确的运动控制，而语言也需要精确的肌肉控制来产生声音。

📱 **现代语言的演变：社交媒体和短信对大脑的影响** Jarvis博士讨论了现代技术，如社交媒体和短信，对我们大脑和语言使用方式的影响。他认为，这些技术改变了我们交流的方式，可能会影响我们的大脑处理信息的方式。

🌍 **基因组学与保护：地球生物基因组计划的意义** Jarvis博士介绍了地球生物基因组计划，一项旨在对地球上所有已知物种进行基因组测序的计划。他认为，这项计划将为我们提供宝贵的信息，帮助我们理解物种的演化、保护生物多样性和开发新的治疗方法。

My guest this episode is Dr. Erich Jarvis, PhD—Professor and the Head of the Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language at Rockefeller University and Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). Dr. Jarvis’ research spans the molecular and genetic mechanisms of vocal communication, comparative genomics of speech and language across species and the relationship between speech, language and movement. We discuss the unique ability of humans (and certain animal species) to learn and communicate using complex language, including verbal speech production and the ability to interpret both written and spoken language. We also discuss the connections between language, singing and dance and why song may have evolved before language. Dr. Jarvis also explains some of the underlying biological and genetic components of stutter/speech disorders, non-verbal communication, why it's easiest to learn a language as a child and how individuals can learn multiple languages at any age. This episode ought to be of interest to everyone interested in the origins of human speech, language, music and culture and how newer technology, such as social media and texting, change our brains. 

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Dr. Erich Jarvis & Vocal Communication

(00:03:58) Sponsors: AG1, LMNT

(00:08:01) Speech vs. Language, Is There a Difference?  

(00:10:55) Animal Communication, Hand Gestures & Language 

(00:15:25) Vocalization & Innate Language, Evolution of Modern Language    

(00:21:10) Humans & Songbirds, Critical Periods, Genetics, Speech Disorders 

(00:27:11) Innate Predisposition to Learn Language, Cultural Hybridization

(00:31:34) Genes for Speech & Language

(00:35:49) Learning New or Multiple Languages, Critical Periods, Phonemes 

(00:40:47) Sponsor: AG1

(00:42:52) Semantic vs. Effective Communication, Emotion, Singing

(00:47:32) Singing, Link Between Dancing & Vocal Learning 

(00:52:55) Motor Theory of Vocal Learning, Dance 

(00:55:03) Music & Dance, Emotional Bonding, Genetic Predispositions

(01:04:11) Facial Expressions & Language, Innate Expressions

(01:09:35) Reading & Writing 

(01:15:13) Writing by Hand vs. Typing, Thoughts & Writing

(01:20:58) Stutter, Neurogenetics, Overcome Stutter, Conversations

(01:26:58) Modern Language Evolution: Texting, Social Media & the Future

(01:36:26) Movement: The Link to Cognitive Growth 

(01:40:21) Comparative Genomics, Earth Biogenome Project, Genome Ark, Conservation

(01:48:24) Evolution of Skin & Fur Color

(01:51:22) Dr. Erich Jarvis, Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Momentous Supplements, AG1 (Athletic Greens), Instagram, Twitter Neural Network Newsletter, Huberman Lab Clips

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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