本期节目解释了Adderall、利他能、Vyvanse等药物是如何提高注意力并治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的。节目解释了大脑中与注意力相关的回路，以及多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素在调节这些回路中的关键作用。然后解释了像Adderall和Vyvanse这样的兴奋剂如何提高ADHD儿童或成人的注意力并减少多动，以及利他能和其他药物（如莫达非尼、胍法辛）为何对某些人更有效。节目还解释了ADHD药物对身高、心血管健康、激素、成瘾和精神病倾向的长期影响，以及这些治疗是否可以被使用然后停止。节目还讨论了这些药物剂量敏感性的巨大个体差异以及娱乐性使用带来的负面副作用。本期节目对患有ADHD的人，他们的父母，正在服用ADHD药物的人或任何对这些药物如何工作感兴趣的人都有益。

🤔 ADHD药物如Adderall、利他能和Vyvanse是兴奋剂，它们通过增加大脑中与注意力相关的回路中的多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素水平来提高注意力和减少多动。

🧠 这些药物的作用机制是通过增加多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的释放，并阻断它们的再摄取，从而提高它们的浓度，改善大脑信号传递。

💊 不同的ADHD药物对不同个体的效果不同，需要根据个体情况选择合适的药物和剂量。一些药物如利他能和莫达非尼对某些人更有效，因为它们作用于不同的神经递质和脑区。

⚠️ 长期服用ADHD药物可能会产生一些副作用，包括身高受限、心血管风险增加、激素水平变化、成瘾风险增加和精神病倾向。

💡 药物治疗只是ADHD治疗的一部分，还需要结合行为治疗和生活方式调整。

🧠 ADHD患者需要与医生密切合作，确定最佳治疗方案，并定期监测药物的疗效和副作用。

💊 药物治疗不是唯一的解决方案，需要结合心理治疗、行为治疗和生活方式调整，以达到最佳治疗效果。

💡 药物治疗ADHD需要谨慎选择药物和剂量，并注意长期副作用。

In this episode, I explain how medications such as Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse and other stimulants work to increase focus and treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). I explain the brain circuits involved in focus and the key roles dopamine and norepinephrine play in their regulation. Then I explain how stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse can increase focus and reduce hyperactivity in kids or adults with ADHD, and how and why Ritalin and other medications (e.g., Modafinil, Guanfacine) may work better for some. I explain the long-term effects of ADHD medications on height, cardiovascular health, hormones, predisposition to addiction and psychosis, and whether these treatments can be used and then stopped. I also discuss the immense individual variation in dosage sensitivity for these medications and the negative side-effects that occur from recreational use. This episode ought to benefit anyone with ADHD, their parents, those on ADHD medications or anyone curious about how these medications work.

For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Stimulants & Attention-Deficient/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

(00:03:38) Sponsors: LMNT & Waking Up

(00:06:35) The Brain-Body Contract

(00:07:22) Attention, Prefrontal Cortex & ADHD

(00:16:27) Stimulants “Sympathomimetics”

(00:21:29) Adderall, Dopamine & Norepinephrine

(00:25:58) Sympathomimetics, Dopamine & Norepinephrine

(00:27:21) Sponsor: AG1

(00:32:20) Vyvanse is Timed-Release D-Amp

(00:36:36) Ritalin, Concerta

(00:40:10) Dopamine & “Noise Reduction”; Norepinephrine & “Signal Amplification”

(00:45:28) ADHD: Focus, Hyperactivity & Impulsivity; Drug Selection & Dose

(00:50:57) How do Stimulants ‘Calm’ ADHD?

(00:54:480 Neuroplasticity & Neuromodulators

(00:58:06) Kids, ADHD Diagnosis & Treatment; Predispose Addiction?

(01:05:12) ADHD Medications: Individuality, Doses, Tapering & Long-Term Use

(01:13:28) Medication & Long-Term Effects: Height, Cardiovascular Risk, Alcohol

(01:19:32) Cortisol & Hormones

(01:27:45) Psychosis & Addiction; Methamphetamine

(01:38:20) Recreational Use, Addiction & Psychosis; Habituation

(01:42:30) Drug Holidays; Ritalin & Long-Term Effects

(01:45:35) Modafinil, Armodafinil; Side-Effects

(01:53:03) Guanfacine, Alcohol

(01:58:03) ADHD Medications

(02:00:26) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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