本期节目邀请了传奇软件创新者Marc Andreessen，他共同创建了互联网浏览器Mosaic和Netscape，现任安德森·霍洛维茨（Andreessen Horowitz）的合伙人，这家风险投资公司致力于寻找和发展改变人类的技术。我们讨论了成为真正创新者需要具备的素质，包括所需的性格特征、环境作用以及将革命性想法付诸实践所需的支撑体系。我们讨论了冒险精神作为一项必要的但可能存在风险的特征，以及内在动机和个人应对不确定性的能力。我们还讨论了人工智能（AI），以及Marc的观点：每个人很快就会使用AI作为个性化的教练和指南，帮助他们做出有关健康、人际关系、财务等方面的决策，他认为所有这些都将极大地提高我们的生活质量。我们还深入探讨了核能、基因编辑、公众信任、大学、政治和人工智能监管。本期节目适合那些对创新思维、心理学、人类行为、技术、文化和政治感兴趣的人。

👨‍🔬 **创新者性格：** Marc Andreessen强调，创新者通常具有较高的“不认同性”和“社会抵抗力”，他们可能更倾向于独立思考，挑战现有规范，这可能会导致他们与主流社会格格不入，甚至被视为“怪人”。这种特质有助于他们提出颠覆性的想法，但同时也可能让他们在早期阶段面临孤独和不被理解的困境。 创新者需要克服社会压力，坚持自己的信念，并且拥有强大的内部驱动力，才能将自己的想法推向世界。 为了培养创新者，需要营造一个包容和鼓励冒险的环境，并提供必要的支持体系，帮助他们克服挑战，实现突破。

🚀 **人工智能的未来：** Marc Andreessen认为，人工智能将成为每个人生活中不可或缺的一部分，它将像个性化的教练和指南，帮助我们做出各种决策，例如健康、人际关系、财务等。他相信，人工智能将极大地提高我们的生活质量，让我们能够更好地理解自己，做出更明智的决策。 然而，他也强调了人工智能带来的潜在风险，例如数据安全、隐私问题、算法偏差等。因此，需要制定合理的政策和监管框架，确保人工智能的健康发展，并为人类带来福祉。

🌎 **社会信任与创新：** Marc Andreessen认为，社会信任是推动创新的关键因素。当人们对技术和未来充满信心时，他们更有可能接受新事物，并积极参与到创新活动中。然而，随着科技的快速发展和社会分化加剧，公众对技术和精英阶层的信任度正在下降。 为了重建信任，我们需要加强沟通，让公众更深入地了解科技的运作方式，以及它对社会的影响。同时，也要鼓励科技公司和研究机构承担社会责任，以负责任的方式开发和应用技术。

🧬 **基因编辑与核能：** Marc Andreessen对基因编辑和核能等具有巨大潜力的技术抱有积极态度，他认为这些技术可以帮助解决人类面临的重大挑战，例如疾病、能源危机等。然而，他也承认这些技术存在潜在的风险，需要谨慎对待。 他呼吁制定合理的政策和监管框架，确保这些技术的应用安全、可靠和可持续。同时，也需要加强公众教育，提高人们对这些技术的认识和理解，以便更好地应对未来可能出现的挑战。

In this episode, my guest is Marc Andreessen, the legendary software innovator who co-created the internet browser Mosaic, co-founded Netscape, and is now at Andreessen Horowitz — a venture capital firm that finds and brings to life technologies that transform humanity. We discuss what it takes to be a true innovator, including the personality traits required, the role of environment and the support systems needed to bring revolutionary ideas to fruition. We discuss risk-taking as a necessary but potentially hazardous trait, as well as the role of intrinsic motivation and one’s ability to navigate uncertainty. We also discuss artificial intelligence (AI) and Marc’s stance that soon everyone will use AI as their personalized coach and guide for making decisions about their health, relationships, finances and more — all of which he believes will greatly enhance our quality of life. We also delve into nuclear power, gene editing, public trust, universities, politics, and AI regulation. This episode is for those interested in the innovative mind, psychology, human behavior, technology, culture and politics.

For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.

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Timestamps

(00:00:00) Marc Andreessen

(00:03:21) Sponsors: LMNT & Waking Up

(00:06:05) Personality Traits of an Innovator

(00:12:49) Disagreeableness, Social Resistance; Loneliness & Group Think 

(00:18:48) Testing for Innovators, Silicon Valley

(00:23:18) Unpredictability, Pre-Planning, Pivot

(00:28:53) Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation, Social Comparison

(00:32:53) Sponsor: AG1

(00:33:49) Innovators & Personal Relationships

(00:39:24) Risk Taking, Innovators, “Martyrs to Civilizational Progress”

(00:46:16) Cancel Culture, Public vs. Elite

(00:53:08) Elites & Institutions, Trust

(00:57:38) Sponsor: InsideTracker

(00:58:44) Social Media, Shifts in Public vs. Elite 

(01:05:45) Reform & Institutions, Universities vs. Business

(00:14:14) Traditional Systems, Lysenkoism, Gen X

(01:20:56) Alternative University; Great Awakenings; Survivorship Bias 

(01:27:25) History of Computers, Neural Network, Artificial Intelligence (AI)

(01:35:50) Apple vs. Google, Input Data Set, ChatGPT

(01:42:08) Deep Fakes, Registries, Public-Key Cryptography; Quantum Internet

(01:46:46) AI Positive Benefits, Medicine, Man & Machine Partnership

(01:52:18) AI as Best-Self Coach; AI Modalities

(01:59:19) Gene Editing, Precautionary Principle, Nuclear Power

(02:05:38) Project Independence, Nuclear Power, Environmentalism

(02:12:40) Concerns about AI

(02:18:00) Future of AI, Government Policy, Europe, US & China

(02:23:47) China Businesses, Politics; Gene Editing 

(02:28:38) Marketing, Moral Panic & New Technology; Politics, Podcasts & AI

(02:39:03) Innovator Development, Courage, Support 

(02:46:36) Small Groups vs. Large Organization, Agility; “Wild Ducks”

(02:54:50) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media 

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac

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