本期播客节目邀请了纽约大学社会心理学教授、畅销书作家乔纳森·海特博士，探讨了智能手机、社交媒体和电子游戏取代以玩乐为基础的童年后，自杀、抑郁和焦虑的急剧上升。海特博士解释了为什么屏幕充斥的童年会导致心理发展方面的挑战，这些挑战会对学习、复原力、身份认同、合作和冲突解决产生负面影响。他强调了这些技能对未来成年人关系和职业成功的至关重要性。此外，他还探讨了手机和社交媒体对男孩和女孩的影响差异，以及智能手机如何改变大脑基本可塑性和功能的潜在神经生物学机制。最后，海特博士分享了他针对儿童更健康地使用智能手机的四点建议，并讨论了如何在当今社会恢复儿童的独立性和玩乐.

📱 **手机对儿童心理健康的影响：** 海特博士指出，手机和社交媒体的过度使用会导致自杀、抑郁和焦虑的增加。这种现象源于儿童时代玩乐活动的减少，取而代之的是屏幕时间。他认为，屏幕充斥的童年会导致心理发展方面的挑战，这些挑战会对学习、复原力、身份认同、合作和冲突解决产生负面影响，而这些技能对于未来成年人关系和职业成功至关重要。

👦👧 **手机对男孩和女孩的影响差异：** 海特博士强调了手机和社交媒体对男孩和女孩的影响差异。他指出，男孩更容易沉迷于网络游戏和色情内容，而女孩则更容易受到社交媒体压力和完美主义的影响。这些差异源于男孩和女孩的大脑发育和心理发展模式的差异。

🧠 **手机对大脑的影响：** 海特博士解释了手机如何改变大脑基本可塑性和功能的潜在神经生物学机制。他指出，过度使用手机会导致大脑的奖赏系统过度活跃，从而导致注意力不集中、冲动控制能力下降和成瘾等问题。

💡 **更健康地使用手机的建议：** 海特博士提出了四个针对儿童更健康地使用手机的建议，包括限制屏幕时间、鼓励户外活动、培养兴趣爱好和促进人际交往。他认为，这些建议可以帮助儿童建立健康的习惯，并避免手机带来的负面影响。

👪 **恢复儿童的独立性和玩乐：** 海特博士倡导恢复儿童的独立性和玩乐。他认为，儿童需要有更多的时间进行户外活动、自由玩耍和与家人朋友互动，这些活动对于他们的心理健康和社会发展至关重要。他呼吁家长和教育工作者共同努力，为儿童创造一个更健康的成长环境，减少屏幕时间，并鼓励他们参与更多有益的活动。

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Jonathan Haidt, Ph.D., professor of social psychology at New York University and bestselling author on how technology and culture impact the psychology and health of kids, teens, and adults. We discuss the dramatic rise of suicide, depression, and anxiety as a result of replacing a play-based childhood with smartphones, social media, and video games.

He explains how a screen-filled childhood leads to challenges in psychological development that negatively impact learning, resilience, identity, cooperation, and conflict resolution — all of which are crucial skills for future adult relationships and career success. We also discuss how phones and social media impact boys and girls differently and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of how smartphones alter basic brain plasticity and function. 

Dr. Haidt explains his four recommendations for healthier smartphone use in kids, and we discuss how to restore childhood independence and play in the current generation. 

This is an important topic for everyone, young or old, parents and teachers, students and families, to be aware of in order to understand the potential mental health toll of smartphone use and to apply tools to foster skill-building and reestablish healthy norms for our kids.

For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.

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Timestamps

00:00:00 Dr. Jonathan Haidt

00:02:01 Sponsors: Helix Sleep, AeroPress & Joovv

00:06:23 Great Rewiring of Childhood: Technology, Smartphones & Social Media

00:12:48 Mental Health Trends: Boys, Girls & Smartphones

00:16:26 Smartphone Usage, Play-Based to Phone-Based Childhood

00:20:40 The Tragedy of Losing Play-Based Childhood

00:28:13 Sponsor: AG1

00:30:02 Girls vs. Boys, Interests & Trapping Kids

00:37:31 “Effectance,” Systems & Relationships, Animals

00:41:47 Boys Sexual Development, Dopamine Reinforcement & Pornography

00:49:19 Boys, Courtship, Chivalry & Technology; Gen Z Development

00:55:24 Play & Low-Stakes Mistakes, Video Games & Social Media, Conflict Resolution

00:59:48 Sponsor: LMNT

01:01:23 Social Media, Trolls, Performance

01:06:47 Dynamic Subordination, Hierarchy, Boys

01:10:15 Girls & Perfectionism, Social Media & Performance

01:14:00 Phone-Based Childhood & Brain Development, Critical Periods

01:21:15 Puberty & Sensitive Periods, Culture & Identity

01:23:55 Brain Development & Puberty; Identity; Social Media, Learning & Reward

01:33:37 Tool: 4 Recommendations for Smartphone Use in Kids

01:41:48 Changing Childhood Norms, Policies & Legislature

01:49:13 Summer Camp, Team Sports, Religion, Music

01:54:36 Boredom, Addiction & Smartphones; Tool: “Awe Walks”

02:03:14 Casino Analogy & Ceding Childhood; Social Media Content

02:09:33 Adult Behavior; Tool: Meals & Phones

02:11:45 Regaining Childhood Independence; Tool: Family Groups & Phones

02:16:09 Screens & Future Optimism, Collective Action, KOSA Bill

02:24:52 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

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