Fortune | FORTUNE 4小时前
The bond market is signalling that a September cut from the Fed is no longer locked in
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近期美国生产者价格指数(PPI)远超预期,导致国债收益率飙升,引发市场对九月美联储降息的广泛预期产生疑虑。尽管标普500指数仍接近历史高位,但0.25%的降息幅度已不再是板上钉钉。高企的PPI数据表明,关税可能正在推高企业成本,并可能传导至消费者。此前普遍认为的九月降息前景变得不明朗,市场正在消化更高的通胀预期,债券市场收益率上升反映了这种担忧。美联储官员也对此持谨慎态度,暗示降息幅度可能不如预期。全球股市表现则喜忧参半,投资者正密切关注后续经济数据和美联储的政策动向。

📈 **生产者价格指数(PPI)远超预期,通胀压力显现**:美国七月PPI月率大幅上涨0.9%,远超预期的0.2%,年率也从6月的2.4%升至3.3%,核心PPI更是升至3.7%。这表明关税政策可能正在推高企业成本,并预示着未来通胀可能上升,打破了普遍的预测。

📉 **美联储九月降息预期动摇**:此前市场普遍预期美联储将在九月进行降息,但PPI数据和债券收益率的飙升使得这一预期不再稳固。美联储官员的表态也趋于谨慎,有官员表示现在判断九月政策支持尚早,且不认为需要50个基点的降息,暗示25个基点的降息也并非必然。

📊 **债券市场反应**:2年期和10年期国债收益率昨日均出现显著上涨,分别升至3.73%和4.29%。这反映出债券买家对未来通胀上升的预期,以及对美联储降息前景的重新定价。

🌐 **全球股市表现不一**:在消息影响下,欧洲和亚洲股市表现涨跌不一。美国股指期货表现平稳,标普500指数在接近历史高位的情况下,对九月降息的预期仍有一定支撑,但若降息落空,市场可能面临波动。

💼 **市场对通胀和利率的担忧加剧**:华尔街普遍认为,高企的PPI意味着未来通胀将进一步上升,企业最终可能将增加的成本转嫁给消费者。供应链的复杂性也可能延迟关税影响的显现,使得通胀压力持续存在。

    Surging U.S. producer prices and a spike in Treasury yields have cast some doubt on a widely expected Fed rate cut in September. The S&P 500 remains near its high, however, banking on a cut. While a 0.25% cut remains the most likely outcome it no longer looks guaranteed. Globally, European and Asian equities are mixed. S&P 500 futures are flat this morning.

In the stock market, it appears that all is calm, all is quiet: S&P 500 futures are flat this morning, premarket, and the index itself closed up marginally yesterday, near to its all-time high.

The real drama is in the bond market. Both the 2-year Treasury and the 10-year Treasury saw their yields spike up yesterday after the producer price index (PPI) report came in much higher than expected. Tariff-driven inflation may not yet have shown up in prices paid by consumers, but it looks like it has now arrived at companies and manufacturers.

The feeling on Wall Street is that this implies higher inflation is coming down the pipeline. Companies won’t be able to eat higher tariff prices forever. Sooner or later they’ll have to charge their customers. “Supply chains have become longer and more complex—trade taxes progress down supply chains over months, not days,” UBS warned this morning.

All of a sudden, the U.S. Federal Reserve interest rate cut that everyone thought was guaranteed in September no longer looks locked in. (Keeping interest rates high is the Fed’s main weapon to fight inflation.)

“U.S. producer prices surged 0.9% m/m in July, far exceeding expectations of 0.2% and marking the largest monthly gain since June 2022. On an annual basis, PPI rose 3.3%, up from 2.4% in June, while core PPI jumped to 3.7% from 2.6%. The data shattered forecasts across the board, underscoring the inflationary impact of recent tariff policy and justifying Fed caution regarding rate cuts,” George Vessey of Convera told clients this morning.

ING agreed: “After the PPI spike yesterday, there has been some hawkish repricing of Fed expectations,” Francesco Pesole said in a note seen by Fortune.

In the bond market, which partially reflects future inflation expectations, the 2-year yield rose by 5.7 basis points to 3.73%, and the 10-year rose 5.1 points to 4.29%. The implication of that is that bond buyers think higher inflation is on its way.

“This hotter-than-expected print suggests that a September rate cut is far from guaranteed,” Jim Reid and his team at Deutsche Bank told clients this morning. 

He also noted that two Fed presidents said yesterday they would definitely not support a 0.5% cut, and one of them indicated he had not made up his mind on a 0.25% cut:

“St. Louis Fed President Musalem stated it was ‘too early to say exactly what policy I will be able to support’ in September, and noted that a 50bp cut would be ‘unsupported by the current state of the economy and the outlook.’ Similarly, San Francisco Fed President Daly told the Wall Street Journal she didn’t see the need for a 50bp cut either.”

The context is that a September cut of 0.25% is still the favored expectation among investors. The CME Fed Funds futures market is still showing a 90%-plus chance of a 0.25% cut. And stock investors seem bullish on the notion that the Fed is poised to deliver a new dose of cheaper money in September.

If that doesn’t happen—and the bond market is now hinting it’s less likely than it was—expect turmoil ahead.

Here’s a snapshot of the action prior to the opening bell in New York:

    S&P 500 futures were marginally up this morning, premarket, after the index closed flat yesterday near its record high. STOXX Europe 600 was up 0.23% in early trading. The U.K.’s FTSE 100 was flat in early trading.Japan’s Nikkei 225 was up 1.71% to hit another record high.China’s CSI 300 was up 0.71%. The South Korea KOSPI was flat. India’s Nifty 50 was flat.Bitcoin fell to $119K.

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美国通胀 美联储 降息 生产者价格指数 债券收益率
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