Fortune | FORTUNE 前天 06:01
‘We have made a few deals today that are excellent deals for the country’: Trump is coy as tariff scramble ensues
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美国总统特朗普即将实施大幅关税上调,引发全球各国政府紧急磋商贸易框架、评估税率并为未知变数做准备。在最终期限前夕,特朗普宣布与墨西哥进入为期90天的谈判期,原定30%的关税降至25%。墨西哥方面对此表示乐观,认为通过对话可达成长期协议。白宫表示将签署行政命令,对未完成谈判或未获通知的国家公布新的关税税率。此举延续了特朗普推行关税政策带来的不确定性,经济学家普遍认为最终成本将由美国消费者和企业承担。此前,美国已与韩国、欧盟、日本、印度尼西亚和菲律宾达成协议,但瑞士和挪威等国仍面临不确定性,欧盟正等待美国落实其承诺。与墨西哥的协议中,汽车关税为25%,铜、铝、钢铁在谈判期内将征收50%关税,墨西哥承诺取消“非关税贸易壁垒”。尽管有USMCA协议的保护,但贸易逆差和毒品贩运问题仍是特朗普关注的焦点。

🇺🇸 美国总统特朗普即将实施新的关税措施,引发全球各国政府的紧张反应。在最后期限前,各国正紧急调整与美国的贸易框架,并评估可能面临的关税税率,以应对不断变化的不确定性。

🇲🇽 特朗普宣布与墨西哥进入为期90天的谈判期,原定的25%关税暂时维持,并提及对汽车征收25%关税,以及在谈判期内对铜、铝、钢征收50%关税。墨西哥方面对此表示积极,认为可通过对话达成长期协议。

🌍 除墨西哥外,美国已与韩国、欧盟、日本、印度尼西亚和菲律宾等国达成或接近达成贸易协议。然而,包括瑞士和挪威在内的其他国家仍处于不确定状态,其贸易地位尚未明确。

⚖️ 特朗普政府将关税措施与解决芬太尼贩运和缩小贸易逆差挂钩。数据显示,美国与墨西哥之间的贸易逆差在USMCA协议后有所扩大,这成为特朗普政府政策的重要考量因素。

🇪🇺 欧盟方面强调,美国已作出承诺,现在取决于美国如何落实。欧盟正等待一份关键文件,以明确汽车等进口商品的具体税收框架。该文件虽未具法律约束力,但对贸易伙伴而言至关重要。

With President Donald Trump’s dramatic tariff hikes on the cusp of starting, countries around the world scrambled on Thursday to finalize their trade frameworks with the United States, figure out the tax rates their goods might face and prepare for the unknown.

Shortly before Friday deadline for the tariffs beginning, Trump said he would enter into a 90-day negotiating period with Mexico, one of the nation’s largest trading partners, with the current 25% tariff rates staying in place, down from the 30% he had threatened earlier.

“We avoided the tariff increase announced for tomorrow and we got 90 days to build a long-term agreement through dialogue,” Mexican leader Claudia Sheinbaum wrote on X after a call with Trump that he referred to as “very successful” in terms of the leaders getting to know each other better.

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said at Thursday’s news briefing that Trump “at some point this afternoon or later this evening” would sign an order to impose new rates starting at 12:01 a.m. EDT Friday. Countries that had not received a prior letter from Trump or negotiated a framework would be notified of their likely tariff rates, either by letter or executive order, she said.

The unknowns created a sense of drama that have defined Trump’s rollout of tariffs over several months, with the one consistency being his desire to levy the import taxes that most economists say will ultimately be borne to some degree by U.S. consumers and businesses.

“We have made a few deals today that are excellent deals for the country,” Trump told reporters on Thursday afternoon without detailing the terms of those agreements or nations involved.

Trump said that Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney had called ahead of 35% tariffs being imposed on many of his nation’s goods, but “we haven’t spoken to Canada today.”

Trump imposed the Friday deadline after his previous “Liberation Day” tariffs in April resulted in a stock market panic. His unusually high tariff rates unveiled in April led to recession fears, prompting Trump to impose a 90-day negotiating period. When he was unable to create enough trade deals with other countries, he extended the timeline and sent out letters to world leaders that simply listed rates, prompting a slew of hasty deals.

Trump reached a deal with South Korea on Wednesday, and earlier with the European Union, Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines. His commerce secretary, Howard Lutnick, said on Fox News Channel’s “Hannity” that there were agreements with Cambodia and Thailand after they had agreed to a ceasefire to their border conflict.

Among those uncertain about their trade status were wealthy Switzerland and Norway.

Norwegian Finance Minister Jens Stoltenberg said it was “completely uncertain” whether a deal would be completed before Trump’s deadline.

But even the public announcement of a deal can offer scant reassurance for an American trading partner.

EU officials are waiting to complete a crucial document outlining how the framework to tax imported autos and other goods from the 27-member state bloc would operate. Trump had announced a deal Sunday while he was in Scotland.

“The U.S. has made these commitments. Now it’s up to the U.S. to implement them. The ball is in their court,” EU Commission spokesperson Olof Gill said. The document would not be legally binding.

Trump said as part of the agreement with Mexico that goods imported into the U.S. would continue to face a 25% tariff that he has ostensibly linked to fentanyl trafficking. He said autos would face a 25% tariff, while copper, aluminum and steel would be taxed at 50% during the negotiating period.

He said Mexico would end its “Non Tariff Trade Barriers,” but he didn’t provide specifics.

Some goods continue to be protected from the tariffs by the 2020 U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or USMCA, which Trump negotiated during his first term.

But Trump appeared to have soured on that deal, which is up for renegotiation next year. One of his first significant moves as president was to tariff goods from both Mexico and Canada earlier this year.

U.S. Census Bureau figures show that the U.S. ran a $171.5 billion trade imbalance with Mexico last year. That means the U.S. bought more goods from Mexico than it sold to the country.

The imbalance with Mexico has grown in the aftermath of the USMCA as it was only $63.3 billion in 2016, the year before Trump started his first term in office.

Besides addressing fentanyl trafficking, Trump has made it a goal to close the trade gap.

___

Associated Press writers Lorne Cook in Brussels and Jamey Keaten in Geneva contributed to this report.

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特朗普 关税 国际贸易 美国经济 墨西哥贸易
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