Wes Cockx & Google DeepMind / AI large language models / Licenced by CC-BY 4.0
By Melissa Anchisi and Florian Meyer
This summer, EPFL and ETH Zurich will release a large language model (LLM) developed on public infrastructure. Trained on the “Alps” supercomputer at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS), the new LLM marks a milestone in open-source AI and multilingual excellence.
Earlier this month in Geneva, around 50 leading global initiatives and organisations dedicated to open-source LLMs and trustworthy AI convened at the International Open-Source LLM Builders Summit. Hosted by the AI centres of EPFL and ETH Zurich, the event marked a significant step in building a vibrant and collaborative international ecosystem for open foundation models. Open LLMs are increasingly viewed as credible alternatives to commercial systems, most of which are developed behind closed doors in the United States or China.
Participants of the summit previewed the forthcoming release of a fully open, publicly developed LLM — co-created by researchers at EPFL, ETH Zurich and other Swiss universities in close collaboration with engineers at CSCS. Currently in final testing, the model will be downloadable under an open license. The model focuses on transparency, multilingual performance, and broad accessibility.
The model will be fully open: source code, and weights will be publicly available, and the training data will be transparent and reproducible, supporting adoption across science, government, education, and the private sector. This approach is designed to foster both innovation and accountability.
“Fully open models enable high-trust applications and are necessary for advancing research about the risks and opportunities of AI. Transparent processes also enable regulatory compliance,” says Imanol Schlag, research scientist at the ETH AI Center, who is leading the effort alongside EPFL AI Center faculty members and professors Antoine Bosselut and Martin Jaggi.
Multilingual by design
A distinctive characteristic of the LLM is its capability in over 1000 languages. “We have emphasised making the models massively multilingual from the start,” says Antoine Bosselut.
Training of the base model was done on a large text dataset in over 1500 languages—approximately 60% English and 40% non-English languages— as well as code and mathematics data. Given the representation of content from all languages and cultures, the resulting model maintains the highest global applicability.
Designed for scale and inclusion
The model will be released in two sizes—8 billion and 70 billion parameters, meeting a broad range of users’ needs. The 70B version will rank among the most powerful fully open models worldwide. The number of parameters reflects a model’s capacity to learn and generate complex responses.
High reliability is achieved through training on over 15 trillion high-quality training tokens (units representing a word or part of the word), enabling robust language understanding and versatile use cases.
Responsible data practices
The LLM is being developed with due consideration to Swiss data protection laws, Swiss copyright laws, and the transparency obligations under the EU AI Act. In a recent study, the project leaders demonstrated that for most everyday tasks and general knowledge acquisition, respecting web crawling opt-outs during data acquisition produces virtually no performance degradation.
Supercomputer as an enabler of sovereign AI
The model is trained on the “Alps” supercomputer at CSCS in Lugano, one of the world’s most advanced AI platforms, equipped with over 10,000 NVIDIA Grace Hopper Superchips. The system’s scale and architecture made it possible to train the model efficiently using 100% carbon-neutral electricity.
The successful realisation of “Alps” was significantly facilitated by a long-standing collaboration spanning over 15 years with NVDIA and HPE/Cray. This partnership has been pivotal in shaping the capabilities of “Alps”, ensuring it meets the demanding requirements of large-scale AI workloads, including the pre-training of complex LLMs.
“Training this model is only possible because of our strategic investment in “Alps”, a supercomputer purpose-built for AI,” says Thomas Schulthess, Director of CSCS and professor at ETH Zurich. “Our enduring collaboration with NVIDIA and HPE exemplifies how joint efforts between public research institutions and industry leaders can drive sovereign infrastructure, fostering open innovation—not just for Switzerland, but for science and society worldwide.”
Public access and global reuse
In late summer, the LLM will be released under the Apache 2.0 License. Accompanying documentation will detail the model architecture, training methods, and usage guidelines to enable transparent reuse and further development.
“As scientists from public institutions, we aim to advance open models and enable organisations to build on them for their own applications”, says Antoine Bosselut.
“By embracing full openness—unlike commercial models that are developed behind closed doors—we hope that our approach will drive innovation in Switzerland, across Europe, and through multinational collaborations. Furthermore, it is a key factor in attracting and nurturing top talent,” says EPFL professor Martin Jaggi.
About the Swiss AI Initiative
Launched in December 2023 by EPFL and ETH Zurich, the Swiss AI Initiative is supported by more than 10 academic institutions across Switzerland. With over 800 researchers involved and access to over 20 million yearly GPU hours on CSCS’s supercomputer “Alps”, it stands as the world’s largest open science and open source effort dedicated to AI foundation models.
The Swiss AI Initiative is receiving financial support from the ETH Board — the strategic management and supervisory body of the ETH Domain (ETH, EPFL, PSI, WSL, Empa, Eawag) — for the period 2025 to 2028.
The Swiss AI Initiative is led by researchers from the ETH AI Center and the EPFL AI Centre, both of which serve as regional units of ELLIS (the European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems) — a pan-European AI network focused on fundamental research in trustworthy AI, technical innovation, and societal impact within Europe’s open societies.
About CSCS
The Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) is a member and partner of the LUMI Consortium, granting Swiss scientist access to leading infrastructure in Kajaani, Finland. This aligns with CSCS’ strategy to scale out future, significantly larger extreme-scale computing infrastructures through multi-national collaborations, leveraging regions abundant in hydroelectric and cooling resources, positioning AI research and innovation to ensure global relevance and regional impact
