The HALM Sun simulator measured the front and rear sides’ electrical characteristics. The bifaciality and the light efficiency at 60kWh/m² were also measured and calculated. The out-door energy generation was measured by DC meters in a 30-seconds interval. The data measured from June 01 - June 30 2025, 6am-9am & 5pm-8pm. 

Results: 

1. During June 1 to June 30, production in low irradiation (0-400W/m2) period accounts for 24% of total, representing the importance of low light performance affecting overall energy yield. 

2. The poorer the light intensity, the more advantage of TOPCon shows. During two period per day 6am-9am & 5pm-8pm.  

* The single-watt power generation gain of TOPCon over n-type BC in cloudy days: 3.89%  

* The single-watt power generation gain of TOPCon over n-type BC in sunny days: 2.33%