AI News 07月24日 00:21
AI Action Plan: US leadership must be ‘unchallenged’
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美国白宫发布了《人工智能行动计划》,将未来十年定位为一场美国不容有失的技术竞赛。该计划以新冷战般的紧迫语气,将赢得AI竞赛视为国家核心利益,旨在通过国内创新、基础设施建设和全球力量投射,实现并维持美国在全球技术上的绝对领先。计划强调支持私营部门,削减监管壁垒,并要求AI系统体现“美国价值观”,排除意识形态偏见。同时,计划还聚焦于能源、半导体制造和人才培养等关键基础设施的建设,并提出在全球舞台上推广美国AI技术标准,以制衡中国。然而,该计划在平衡监管与创新、以及对州级AI安全规则的态度上,引发了行业内的讨论与担忧。

🇺🇸 **推动国内AI创新与监管改革**:该计划将私营部门的创新作为核心驱动力,主张大幅削减过往的监管框架,认为过度的管制将阻碍AI技术的进步。美国政府将通过联邦资金作为杠杆,鼓励创新并可能限制未能遵守其AI监管理念的州。同时,计划强调纳税人资助的AI系统必须符合“美国价值观”,偏好“客观且无偏见”的模型,并要求从官方AI风险指南中剔除“虚假信息”和“多元化、公平与包容性”等概念。

🏗️ **构建AI发展所需的基础设施**:为了支撑AI的飞速发展,计划将重点放在建设庞大的基础设施上,包括增加能源供应以满足AI数据中心的巨大需求,加速环保审批流程,以及推动半导体制造业回流美国本土。这涉及到对现有能源供应进行全面改革,并寄望于核聚变等未来能源技术。同时,为保障AI产业的持续发展,政府还将致力于培养新一代的AI技术人才和工程师。

🌍 **巩固全球AI领导地位与地缘政治考量**:该计划旨在将美国的整个技术生态系统打造成全球AI的“黄金标准”,并通过积极的出口战略,向盟友提供美国AI技术,以对抗日益增长的中国影响力。美国将在联合国等国际场合反对可能阻碍创新的、被认为由中国推动的监管政策,并采取更强硬的安全措施,收紧对先进AI芯片的出口管制。此外,计划也正视AI潜在的滥用风险,如网络犯罪和生物武器,并呼吁采取国家层面的措施来应对这些威胁。

🤔 **行业内的担忧与对公众信任的考量**:尽管美国政府雄心勃勃,但AI行业内部对这项计划的反应不一。一些人担忧政府对州级AI安全规则的干预,以及在AI价值观上推行特定意识形态的做法。例如,有批评者认为,通过惩罚制定自身AI安全规则的州,可能会损害公众对AI系统的信任。建立公众信任是AI在美国取得领先地位的关键,而安全保障措施被认为是实现这一目标不可或缺的要素。

The White House has released its ‘AI Action Plan’, which frames the coming decade as a technological race the US cannot afford to lose.

Laced with the urgent rhetoric of a new cold war, the action plan argues that securing victory in AI is nothing short of a national imperative. Trump’s foreword sets the tone, calling for America to “achieve and maintain unquestioned and unchallenged global technological dominance” as a core tenet of national security.

To get there, the administration is making a three-pronged push: ignite a firestorm of domestic innovation, build the colossal infrastructure to sustain it, and project American power across the globe to secure the win.

Pillar I: An action plan to support the private AI sector

At its heart, the strategy is a full-throated endorsement of the private sector. The first move is to take a buzzsaw to the regulatory frameworks of the past, with the document explicitly targeting the “onerous” approach of the previous administration.

The philosophy is simple: get out of the way and let innovators innovate. According to US Vice President JD Vance, smothering the technology with rules now would be to “paralyse one of the most promising technologies we have seen in generations.”

The plan even uses the power of federal funding as a stick, threatening to withhold money from states that dare to enact their own “burdensome AI regulations.”

It also strides confidently into the culture wars, insisting that AI systems paid for by the taxpayer must reflect “American values.” This means a preference for models that are “objective and free from top-down ideological bias” and a directive to scrub concepts like misinformation and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion from the government’s official AI risk guides.

Pillar II: A foundation of concrete and code

The second pillar of the action plan relates to the raw, physical demands of the AI revolution.

“AI is the first digital service in modern life that challenges America to build vastly greater energy generation than we have today,” the plan bluntly states. Its answer is a national mobilisation under the banner of “Build, Baby, Build!”—a vast undertaking to erect data centres, bring semiconductor manufacturing home, and construct the power grid of the future.

This means fast-tracking environmental permits and overhauling the nation’s energy supply, mixing today’s power sources with tomorrow’s bets on nuclear fusion. Bringing chipmaking back to US shores is central to this vision, with a promise to refocus the CHIPS Program Office on delivering results without ideological strings attached.

And, behind it all, a push to train a new generation of technicians and engineers to build and maintain this new industrial backbone.

Pillar III: Ensuring an undisputed lead on the world stage

The final pillar is about shaping the world in America’s image. The ambition is to make the entire US tech stack – from silicon to the software – the undisputed “gold standard for AI worldwide.” This involves an aggressive export strategy to arm allies with American technology, explicitly to counter the influence of a rising China.

This new foreign policy will involve pushing back against Chinese influence in global forums like the United Nations, which the administration believes are being used to promote innovation-killing regulations. It also signals a more hawkish approach to security, demanding tighter controls on the advanced chips that fuel AI progress.

The plan confronts the dark side of AI head-on, acknowledging its potential for misuse in everything from cybercrime to bioweapons, and calls for a national effort to get ahead of the threat.

AI Action Plan lands in a divided industry

The administration’s confident blueprint for the future lands in an industry deeply conflicted about its own creation. Just this week, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman warned about the technology’s disruptive power.

Altman warns that AI will not only eliminate jobs but also pose national security threats. He has spoken of a looming “fraud crisis” powered by AI’s ability to fool security systems, and has gone so far as to co-sign a letter stating that “mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority”.

His commentary is a stark reminder that the race for AI dominance is also a race to control a technology with world-altering potential. While Washington focuses on winning, the architects of AI are quietly wrestling with what victory might actually mean.

However, the plan received a cautious welcome from the nonprofit Americans for Responsible Innovation (ARI). The group saw its own fingerprints on several proposals, from stronger export controls to more research into AI safety.

Yet ARI is deeply troubled by the administration’s move to punish states that pursue their own AI safety rules. This position also seems at odds with the views of industry leaders like Altman, who has himself warned against the chaos of 50 different state-level regulations.

“Ultimately, this action plan is about increasing oversight of AI systems while maintaining a hands-off approach to hard and fast regulations,” said ARI President Brad Carson. He sees a chance to better understand the “big risks frontier models create for the public,” but worries about the administration’s tactics.

“The plan’s targeting of state-passed AI safeguards is cause for concern. For America to lead on AI, we have to build public trust in these systems, and safeguards are essential to that public confidence.”

(Photo by Luke Michael)

See also: Sam Altman: AI will cause job losses and national security threats

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人工智能 AI行动计划 美国科技 国家安全 全球竞争
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