IN AN INTERVIEW on July 21st, Martina Rosenberg, the head of Germany’s military counter-intelligence service, warned of a “sharp increase in cases of espionage and hybrid measures”, a reference to sabotage. That came just three days after Britain imposed sanctions on 18 Russian intelligence officers for what it described as “irresponsible, destructive and destabilising hybrid activity” around the world. A new report by Charlie Edwards and Nate Seidenstein of the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), a European think-tank, reveals how Russia’s campaign of sabotage and subversion in Europe has escalated sharply since 2022—and why it might have fallen in recent months.