Fortune | FORTUNE 07月23日 00:38
Gen Z men with college degrees now have the same unemployment rate as non-grads—a sign that the higher education payoff is dead
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近期数据显示,大学毕业生失业率上升,尤其是年轻男性大学毕业生面临严峻的就业挑战。与过去相比,大学学位在入门级职位招聘中的价值似乎减弱。文章指出,在就业市场波动和职业选择上,男性与女性之间存在显著差异。女性在医疗保健等增长领域就业机会更多,且更倾向于接受不完全匹配职业目标的职位。与此同时,部分年轻男性选择避开大学教育,转向薪资优厚且需求旺盛的技术行业,如技工职业。这一趋势反映了对传统大学教育价值的重新审视以及对技能型工作的日益重视。

🎓 大学毕业生就业市场疲软,特别是年轻男性群体面临更高失业率。数据显示,大学毕业男性的失业率已接近未接受高等教育的年轻男性,表明学位在入门级职位招聘中的优势正在减弱。

👩‍⚕️ 女性在就业市场中表现出更强的韧性,尤其是在医疗保健等快速增长且抗周期性强的行业中。这不仅得益于行业发展,也与女性在职业选择上更倾向于接受灵活性较高的职位有关。

💼 男性求职者在选择职业时更看重与职业目标和薪酬福利的高度匹配度,有时宁愿等待更理想的职位,而非接受不完全符合期望的工作。

vocational_training Gen Z男性群体中出现了一种新的趋势,即部分人选择不进入大学,转而投身技术性行业,如木工、机械师等。这些行业需求旺盛且薪酬可观,提供了新的职业发展路径。

💡 随着技术行业日益受到重视,传统大学教育的“必经之路”地位受到挑战。像Daniel Lubetzky这样的企业家认为,技术培训和职业教育为那些有想法但不想上大学的年轻人提供了巨大的机遇。

Gen Z is struggling to break into the entry-level job market—but young male college graduates may be hurting the most.

The most recent data from the Federal Reserve indicates that the unemployment rate among recent college graduates is on the rise, at about 5.5%.

Although it remains lower than the 6.9% rate among all young workers between 22 and 27 years old, men with a college degree now have roughly the same unemployment rate as young men who didn’t go to college, according to an analysis of U.S. Current Population Survey data by the Financial Times

In comparison, around 2010, non-college-educated men experienced unemployment rates over 15%, whereas the rate among college graduates was closer to 7%.

It’s a stark sign that the job market boost once promised by a degree has all but vanished—and that employers care less about credentials than they once did, when hiring for entry-level roles.

Young men and women are facing diverging employment rates 

While 7% of college-educated American men are unemployed, for women this drops to around 4%, according to the Financial Times analysis, and the growth in fields like healthcare are likely to credit. 

Over the next decade, healthcare occupations are projected to grow much faster than the rate for all occupations, translating to about 1.9 million openings each year—according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Moreover, the industry is largely considered to be among the safest from any sort of cyclical changes: “Healthcare is a classic recession-resistant industry because medical care is always in demand,” Priya Rathod, career expert at Indeed, previously told Fortune.

Men and women also tend to differ on whether they’d be willing to accept a job that doesn’t quite fit into their career goals. 

“Women tend to be more flexible in accepting job offers, even if they’re not perfectly aligned with their career goals or are part-time or they are overqualified for,” Lewis Maleh, CEO of the global recruitment agency Bentley Lewis, previously told Fortune.

“Men, on the other hand, often hold out for roles that align more closely with their ideal career path or offer what they perceive as adequate compensation and status.”

Gen Z men are skipping college—and turning to the skilled trade industry

Many Gen Zers have learned the hard way about the challenges of today’s job market. In fact, some 11% of all young people are considered NEET—meaning not in employment, education, or training. And while there are a myriad of reasons why they might have lost interest in work or education, for those who are college-educated, the struggles often come down to feeling hopeless after months—or years—on the job search. Young men in particular are especially seen as falling into this category of NEET.

But some young people have seen the writing on the wall and decided to change paths. The overall share of young college students has declined by about 1.2 million between 2011 and 2022, according to Pew Research Center analysis. But this decline has a stark gender divide, with there being about 1 million fewer men and about 200,000 fewer women students.

Part of this shift may be credited to the rise in skilled trade career paths—which tend to be male-dominated. Enrollment at two-year vocational public schools have increased by about 20% since 2020, a net increase of over 850,000 students, according to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center.

It’s a trend that even billionaires have suggested will be a growing part of the future. Daniel Lubetzky, the founder of KIND bars and the newest judge on Shark Tank says that vocational careers, like being a carpenter or mechanic, are “huge opportunities that pay really, really well.”

“Vocational training and learning how to be a carpenter or a mechanic or any of those jobs is a huge field with huge opportunities that pays really, really well,” Lubetzky told Fortune earlier this month.

“For those people that have great ideas or great opportunities and don’t want to go to college, I don’t think college is an end-all, be-all or required thing.”

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Gen Z 就业市场 大学毕业生 性别就业差异 技术行业
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