Physics World 07月23日 00:03
Tensions rise between US administration and science agencies
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文章揭示了美国多部门科学机构人员因对政府政策不满而采取的抗议行动。美国环保署(EPA)139名员工因签署“异议声明”,指责特朗普政府“破坏”其使命而被停职。该声明由“挺直科学”压力团体组织,表达了对政府忽视科学共识、削减研究预算、取消环保项目以及在机构内制造恐惧文化的担忧。NASA和国家科学基金会(NSF)也出现了类似的抗议和预算削减的紧张局面。此外,能源部聘用了对气候变化科学共识持怀疑态度的科学家,而相关部门则在削减气候和天气科学研究投入,显示出政府与科学界之间日益加剧的冲突。

EPA员工签署“异议声明”以抗议政府政策,指责其“破坏”机构使命,包括忽视科学共识、削减研究预算、取消环保项目以及在机构内部制造“恐惧文化”。声明得到了400多名员工的支持,其中170人公开署名,导致139名员工被停职,表明了科学界对政府干预的不满。

NASA和NSF等其他科学机构也出现了类似的紧张局势。NASA员工抗议人员削减,NSF则面临预算削减和总部搬迁的压力,这些事件反映了美国科学界普遍存在的对政府政策的不满和担忧。

美国政府正在采取措施淡化对气候和天气科学的研究,例如聘用对气候变化科学持怀疑态度的科学家,削减国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的实验室,以及停止托管国家气候评估网站。这些举措进一步加剧了政府与科学界之间的矛盾,对科学研究的独立性和权威性构成挑战。

A total of 139 employees at the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been suspended after signing a “declaration of dissent” accusing Donald Trump’s administration of “undermining” the agency’s mission. The letter, dated 1 July, stated that the signatories “stand together against the current administration’s focus on harmful deregulation, mischaracterization of previous EPA activities, and disregard for scientific expertise”.

Addressed to EPA administrator Lee Zeldin, the letter was signed by a total of more than 400 EPA workers, of whom 170 put their names to the document, with the rest choosing to remain anonymous. Zeldin suspended the employees on 3 July, with EPA officials telling them to provide contact information so the agency could be in touch with them while they are on leave.

Copied to leaders of the US Senate and House of Representatives, the letter was organized by the Stand Up For Science pressure group. The letter states that “EPA employees join in solidarity with employees across the Federal government in opposing this administration’s policies, including those that undermine the EPA mission of protecting human health and the environment.”

The document lists five “primary concerns”, including the scientific consensus being ignored to benefit polluters, and undermining public trust by EPA workers being distracted from protecting public health and the environment through objective science-based policy.

The letter adds that the EPA’s progress in the US’s most vulnerable communities is being reversed through the cancellation of environmental justice programmes, while budget cuts to the Office of Research and Development, which helps support the agency’s rules on environmental protection and human health, mean it cannot meet the EPA’s science needs. The letter also points to a culture of fear at the EPA, with staff being forced to choose between their livelihood and well-being.

In response to the letter, Zeldin said he had a “ZERO tolerance policy for agency bureaucrats unlawfully undermining, sabotaging and undercutting the agenda of this administration”. An EPA statement, sent to Physics World, notes that the letter “contains information that misleads the public about agency business”, adding that the letter’s signatories “represent a small fraction of the thousands of [agency] employees”. On 18 July Zeldin then announced a plan to eliminate the EPA’s Office of Research and Development, which could lead to more than 1000 agency scientists being sacked.

Climate concerns

In late July, more than 280 NASA employees signed a similar declaration of dissent protesting against staff cuts at the agency as well as calling on the acting head of NASA not to make the budget cuts Trump proposed. Another example of the tension in US science took place in May when hundreds of staff from the National Science Foundation (NSF) gathered in front of NSF headquarters for a photo marking the agency’s 75th birthday. NSF officials, who had been criticized for seeking to cut the agency’s budget and staff, and slash the proportion of scientific grants’ costs allowed for ancillary expenses, refused to support the event with an official photographer.

Staff then used their own photographer, but they could only take a shot from a public space at the side of the building. In late June, the administration announced that the NSF will have to quit the building, which it has occupied since 2017. No new location for the headquarters has been announced, with NSF spokesperson Michelle Negrón declining to comment on the issue. The new tenant will be the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

The Department of Energy, meanwhile, has announced that it will hire three scientists who have expressed doubts about the scientific consensus on climate change – although details of the trio’s job descriptions remain unknown. They are Steven Koonin, a physicist at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, along with atmospheric scientist John Christy, director of the Earth System Science Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, and Alabama meteorologist Roy Spencer.

The appointments come as the administration is taking steps to de-emphasize government research on climate and weather science. The proposed budget for financial year 2026 would close 10 labs belonging to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The NOAA’s National Weather Service has already lost 600 of its 4200 employees this year, while NASA has announced that it will no longer host the National Climate Assessment website globalchange.gov.

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科学机构 政府政策 异议声明 气候变化 科学自由
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