New Yorker 06月30日 18:24
Jhumpa Lahiri on Mavis Gallant’s “Voices Lost in Snow”
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本文探讨了作者受到玛维斯·加兰特的小说《雪中逝去的》的启发,创作短篇小说《禧年》的经历。作者通过阅读加兰特的作品,深入挖掘记忆,将童年经历转化为文学创作,并探讨了家庭关系、孤独、以及记忆的运作方式。文章对比了加兰特作品与作者自身创作的异同,展现了文学创作中灵感、技巧和个人经历的交织,以及对童年记忆的重新审视和理解。

✍️作者受到玛维斯·加兰特的小说《雪中逝去的》的影响,该小说以独特的视角和写作手法,激发了作者对童年回忆的创作灵感,并促使作者开始创作短篇小说《禧年》。

👧文章的核心在于对记忆的探索和重塑。作者通过回忆童年时期在伦敦的经历,展现了对家庭关系、孤独和个人成长更深层次的理解,这与加兰特对过去的挖掘异曲同工。

👧作者在创作《禧年》的过程中,采用了英文创作,并借鉴了加兰特对人物内心世界的细腻描绘,这使得作品更具深度和感染力。通过对比,也凸显了两者在创作主题和人物设定上的差异。

🕸️文章中,作者将加兰特小说中的蜘蛛网和自己作品中的蕾丝窗帘进行类比,象征着看似脆弱却坚韧的记忆。这揭示了童年经历对个人成长产生的深远影响,以及记忆在文学创作中的重要作用。

“Voices Lost in Snow” ran in The New Yorker in 1976, though I discovered it almost two decades later, in a discarded library copy of “Home Truths,” a volume now out of print. I was plunged into Mavis Gallant’s vertiginous world, stunned by the way she excavated the past, shuffled narrative time, and privileged shards of perception over conventional plots. The story forms part of a semi-autobiographical sextet, often referred to as the Linnet Muir series, and is an example of how Gallant dispenses with forced (and, I would argue, fallacious) distinctions between life and art, between the novel and the short form. When I fell under the spell of her work many years ago, I was still learning to piece together my first stories; it felt like sounding out scales and arpeggios after listening to the teacher perform Mozart or Bach.

“Voices Lost in Snow” is set “halfway between our two great wars,” as Gallant writes, in Montreal, where she was born in 1922. My story “Jubilee” takes place in 1977 in London, my own birthplace. (I moved to America with my parents when I was two.) I am now, as Gallant was, a writer in her fifties looking back at childhood—in particular, at a few months my family spent in England the year I turned ten, during Elizabeth II’s Silver Jubilee. I had been trying to write about this period for some time. Early drafts of the material were composed in Italian, but the heart of the story eluded me, and so my scattered impressions languished in a notebook. After I reread “Voices Lost in Snow” earlier this year, “Jubilee” came to me quickly. In this new phase, I decided to write the story directly in English: my first one in English in well over a decade. Perhaps it was the bravura and beauty of Gallant’s sentences that inspired me to work in that language again.

At a certain point, Linnet, the narrator of “Voices Lost in Snow,” refers to the “long backward reach” of memory. This is the key to Gallant’s story, and also suggests the spirit in which I approached “Jubilee”—reaching for something that had hitherto felt at once meaningful and distant, fleeting and fixed. Yes, those months in London were a set piece in my mind, but set pieces are not short stories. In “Voices Lost in Snow,” I noted the thin membrane between the narrator’s present, mature awareness and a past in which one’s parents feel both inscrutable and utterly in charge. Her description of Montreal in winter helped me to evoke my youthful impressions of London, and her way of talking about a displaced mother, and a father who inhabited a kind of elsewhere, led me, yet again, to place my own parents inside a new fictional container. The hovering but absent quality of Linnet’s parents reminded me in some ways of my upbringing. Her story, full of phantoms, of voices from the beyond, combines a gathering of scenes with observations on marriage, illness, boredom, loneliness, language, and death. It is at once tight and loose, stripped to its essentials yet free-ranging. This juxtaposition was Gallant’s unique signature and skill. Much of childhood, in her stories, is an act of decoding the incomprehensible behavior and speech of adults—one could call it a form of translation.

One thing I understood while writing “Jubilee” was the abyss, alongside the extreme closeness, between me and my mother during those months in London. This realization allowed the story to darken, to swerve, and it also created space for the character of Joya, who is six months younger than my narrator, to emerge. I suppose a fundamental difference between my story and Gallant’s is that mine includes a friendship between two girls, whereas Linnet is utterly alone in a world of adults. The godparent tradition is absent in Bengali culture; all the same, like Linnet, I was raised not only by my mother and father but by other adults, members of their social circle, who exerted their influences on me. The final paragraph of Gallant’s story refers to a spiderweb. Mine mentions a lace curtain. Both images are planted earlier in our stories, and are tied to the workings of memory. Spiderwebs and lace curtains have something in common: seemingly insubstantial, even ghostly, they are in fact sturdy, carefully wrought. I did not set out to replicate the gesture, but I am old enough to know that children sometimes mimic parental figures in unconscious, mysterious ways. ♦


“Asking questions was ‘being tiresome,’ while persistent curiosity got one nowhere, at least nowhere of interest.”

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文学创作 记忆 短篇小说 灵感
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