John Adams was a diplomat in France, the Netherlands, and Great Britain between 1778 and 1788.

However, PBS reported, "His independent, unbending temperament was not ideal for diplomacy, and his diplomatic triumphs were offset by feelings of alienation."

Martin Van Buren served two terms in the New York State Senate and was elected New York attorney general in 1815. During his terms, he "proved himself to be an adept politician, using political appointments and financial contributions to secure votes, and effectively establishing what would prove to be the foundations of the modern political machine," as reported by Biography.com.

Abraham Lincoln was appointed postmaster of New Salem, Illinois, in 1833 and served until 1836.

The mail arrived in New Salem once a week, and if someone didn't collect it from the post office, Lincon would hand-deliver it to them, per USPS.

Andrew Johnson started working as a tailor in Greeneville, Tennessee, when he was just 17 years old.

According to the National Park Service, Johnson said, "When I was a tailor I always made a close fit, and was always punctual to my customers, and did good work."

Grover Cleveland was sheriff of Erie County, New York, from 1871 to 1873. There, he sentenced three convicted murderers to death by hanging during his two-year term, as reported by History.com.

Theodore Roosevelt became a rancher after a hunting trip to North Dakota's Badlands in 1883, per the NPS. He was so taken by the beauty of the area and its opportunities that he bought a ranch and cattle.

William Taft was appointed governor general of the Philippines by President McKinley in 1900.

Taft, his wife, and their three children lived in Southeast Asia for three years, where he improved the local Filipino economy, as reported by Biography.com.

Woodrow Wilson became the president of Princeton University in 1902 and held the position until 1910.

Wilson's name was removed from Princeton's public policy school in June 2020.

"We have taken this extraordinary step because we believe that Wilson's racist thinking and policies make him an inappropriate namesake for a school whose scholars, students, and alumni must be firmly committed to combating the scourge of racism in all its forms," the board said.

Warren Harding was a newspaper editor in Marion, Ohio.

Harding and two friends purchased the failing Marion Star for $300 in 1884.

He turned the near-defunct paper into a successful publication. According to the Marion Star, "He said once someone asked him, 'Why newspapering?' and he said, 'It combines my two passions, writing and the opportunity to affect change.'"

Calvin Coolidge was elected governor of Massachusetts in 1918 and served during the Boston Police Strike.

Coolidge sent a telegram to union leader Samuel Gompers that said, "There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime."

His response to the strike made him famous across the country, and led him to be chosen as Warren Harding's vice presidential candidate. 

Hoover worked as a mining engineer in China from 1899 to 1902, working to "enhance the profitability of their mines," according to the National Archives.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was a lawyer in New York City at a law firm called Carter Ledyard and Milburn from 1907 to 1911.

However, Roosevelt disliked the profession and didn't even graduate law school at Columbia University; he left after he passed the bar in 1907, as reported by the Miller Center.

Harry Truman operated his family farm in Grandview, Missouri, for 11 years.

According to the National Archives, Truman was working a bank job in Kansas City when his father asked him to help manage the family farm owned by his widowed grandmother.

"It was on the farm that Harry got his common sense. He didn't get it in town," his mother, Martha Truman, said of her son.

Dwight Eisenhower was the supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II.

During that time, he "developed diplomatic skills that he would later employ as America's 34th president," wrote History.com.

John F. Kennedy was a journalist for Hearst Newspapers. He covered World War II news during the summer of 1945.

As a foreign correspondent, Kennedy attended the first United Nations meeting, the Potsdam Conference, and other key meetings following the end of World War II.

Lyndon B. Johnson was a teacher in Cotulla, Texas, when he was just 20 years old, in 1928. For a year, he taught Mexican-American students who were so poor he saw them "going through a garbage pile, shaking the coffee grounds from the grapefruit rinds and sucking the rinds for the juice that was left," as reported by NPR, which added he used part of his salary to buy softball equipment for students.

Jimmy Carter managed his family's peanut farm and warehouse in Plains, Georgia, after his father died in 1953. When he became president, he put his peanut farm into a blind trust to ensure that there were no conflicts of interest, as reported by the Washington Post. However, due in part to mismanagement, the peanut business was $1 million in debt by the time Carter left office.

Ronald Reagan was the host of General Electric Theater for eight years, between 1954 and 1962. During his time working for General Electric, his politics shifted from a "liberal anticommunist" to "so far to the right that the company felt it had to drop him as a spokesman," as reported by Slate.

Bush co-founded an oil drilling company, Zapata Petroleum Corporation, in 1953. The company worked with international offshore drilling, having a contract with Shell in Kuwait, as reported by The National.

Barack Obama worked as a civil rights lawyer for a Chicago law firm called Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland for four years. At the firm, he focused on clients dealing with "voting rights matters and wrongful terminations," as reported by the Los Angeles Times.

Before the presidency, Donald Trump made a name for himself in the media as a real estate and business mogul, hosting the reality TV show "The Apprentice" from 2004 to 2015, and serving as a guest commentator on "Fox & Friends" from 2011 to 2015.