本期播客邀请了爱因斯坦医学院衰老研究所主任Nir Barzilai，探讨了长寿和健康寿命。节目深入研究了百岁老人的基因，以及关于使用二甲双胍延缓衰老的TAME试验的最新进展。Nir讨论了百岁老人中常见的基因变异、重要的长寿途径，以及我们如何从百岁老人身上学到延长寿命和改善健康寿命的知识。此外，Nir还详细介绍了二甲双胍作为人类长寿工具的潜力，包括积极和消极的研究结果。他还讨论了二甲双胍对锻炼的影响，以及TAME试验数据如何促进未来的研究。最后，Nir还谈到了表观遗传时钟，并总结了他对NAD前体作为潜在的衰老保护剂的看法。

🧬 百岁老人的基因研究揭示了长寿的遗传基础。研究发现，百岁老人通常拥有某些基因的保护性变异，如APOE e2、Lp(a)、Klotho和CETP等，这些基因有助于延长寿命。此外，高促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平也与长寿有关。

🔬 重点介绍了延长寿命的重要途径。节目探讨了生长激素和IGF-1的关系，以及生长激素作为长寿工具的潜在应用。此外，还讨论了影响长寿的关键生物学途径，为理解衰老过程提供了新的视角。

💊 二甲双胍在长寿研究中的应用及其影响。Nir详细介绍了二甲双胍的历史、研究以及其作为衰老保护剂的潜力。节目还讨论了TAME试验（使用二甲双胍靶向衰老）的进展，以及二甲双胍对运动的影响，包括力量训练和心血管训练。然而，研究人员也在寻找合适的指标来确定哪些人可以从二甲双胍治疗中获益。

🤔 探讨了百岁老人的生活方式和心态。节目深入研究了百岁老人的独特视角和积极态度，以及他们对健康寿命的贡献。研究表明，百岁老人通常拥有乐观积极的生活态度，这可能是他们长寿的关键因素之一。

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode

Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content

Sign Up to Receive Peter’s Weekly Newsletter

Nir Barzilai, Director of the Institute for Aging Research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, is back for his third appearance on The Drive. In this episode, Nir divulges insights into lifespan and healthspan through the lens of his extensive research on centenarians as well as the latest from the TAME trial (Targeting/Taming Aging with Metformin), a multi-center study investigating the concept that the multi-morbidities of aging can be delayed in humans. He discusses common gene variants found in centenarians, important pathways for longevity, and ultimately what we can learn from centenarians about extending lifespan while also trying to improve healthspan. Additionally, Nir goes into depth on metformin as a longevity tool for humans, including studies with positive and negative results. He discusses the impact metformin can have on exercise for both strength training and cardiovascular training, as well as future research facilitated by data from the TAME Trial. He also touches on epigenetic clocks and concludes with his take on the usefulness of NAD precursors as a potential gero-protective agent.

We discuss:

• Insights from genetic studies of centenarians and twins [3:00];
• Genes with protective variants that aid longevity [13:00];
• The relationship between growth hormone and IGF-1 [22:45];
• Use of growth hormone as a longevity tool [34:00];
• Longevity genotypes: the role of APOE e2, Lp(a), Klotho, and CETP [41:45];
• The correlation between high TSH and longevity [46:30];
• Important pathways for longevity [52:00];
• Insights from centenarian studies, nature vs. nurture, and more [59:00];
• The contraction of morbidity that comes with improved healthspan [1:08:00];
• Defining healthspan [1:13:13];
• Unique perspectives and positive attitudes of centenarians [1:17:30];
• Lessons to take away from centenarians [1:24:00];
• Metformin overview: history, studies, and potential for gero-protection [1:28:45];
• The TAME trial (Targeting Aging with Metformin) [1:39:00];
• The challenge of studying metformin in animals models [1:46:45];
• How data from the TAME trial could provide insights into biomarkers of aging and facilitate a future study on proteomics [1:53:30];
• The search for biomarkers to identify who can benefit from treatment [2:00:30];
• The impact of metformin on exercise, and finding the right indication for the use of metformin [2:10:30];
• Are NAD precursors geroprotective? [2:21:30]; and
• More.

Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube