原创 Soren 2025-03-18 09:11 江苏
今天和大家精讲一下2025年英语一的阅读排序题以及我的做题思路。
这是我第一次做排序题，确实有难度，但是全对了
。
这种题型主要考察谋篇布局和逻辑能力。
可扫码做题：
全文有点长，共计6700多字，建议大家先收藏，有时间慢慢看。
以下进入正文：
做这种题，我们首先要概括每段大致讲了什么内容：
A
[A] Peters likes to photograph butterflies in a landscape, celebrating the beauty of their surroundings as well as the insects themselves. His pictures of a Glanville fritillary rising from the sea-pinks beside the chalk cliffs of Compton Bay on the Isle of Wight are particularly glorious. These take-off shots are even more challenging because they require a wide-angle lens, which means he must be less than 2cm from the butterfly. It's incredibly difficult to get that close to a skittish, sun-warmed insect. Unlike some photographers, who “cheat” by keeping insects in a fridge to slow them down, Peters refuses to tamper with wild butterflies.
第一句：
Peters likes to photograph butterflies in a landscape, celebrating the beauty of their surroundings as well as the insects themselves.
in a landscape指“在自然景观中”，Peters likes to photograph butterflies in a landscape意思是：彼得斯热衷于在自然景观中拍摄蝴蝶。
celebrating the beauty of their surroundings as well as the insects themselves是分词形式的状语，意思是：既赞美昆虫本身的灵动之美，也展现其栖息环境的迷人风光。
celebrate在这里是to praise sb / sth的意思，表示“赞美；颂扬；歌颂”，看个例子：
poems that celebrate the joys of love
歌颂情爱之乐的诗歌
第二句：
His pictures of a Glanville fritillary rising from the sea-pinks beside the chalk cliffs of Compton Bay on the Isle of Wight are particularly glorious.
其主干是：His pictures are particularly glorious. 他的照片尤为精彩。
pictures of后面的成分，描述了pictures的内容，其中核心名词是a Glanville fritillary格兰维尔褐斑蝶。rising from the sea-pinks是现在分词形式的后置定语，修饰蝴蝶，意思是“从粉红花丛中振翅而起的蝴蝶”。sea-pinks指“粉红色花海”，如图：
beside the chalk cliffs of Compton Bay on the Isle of Wight 描述了 the sea-pinks 的位置：在怀特岛康普顿湾白垩悬崖旁。
chalk除了“粉笔”，也指“白垩”，这是一种白色或淡色的沉积岩，主要由碳酸钙组成。
在做题时，我们只需要知道它描述的是位置信息就可以，具体意思可以忽略。
第三句：
These take-off shots are even more challenging because they require a wide-angle lens, which means he must be less than 2cm from the butterfly.
These take-off shots are even more challenging意思是：这些“振翅起飞瞬间”的画面尤显难得。
shot 作名词有“照片”的意思，如：
I got some good shots of people at the party.
我给参加聚会的人拍了几张精彩的照片。
a wide-angle lens指“广角镜头”。
be less than 2cm from the butterfly是challenging的原因，因为要距离蝴蝶2cm拍摄。
第四句：
It's incredibly difficult to get that close to a skittish, sun-warmed insect.
incredibly difficult to get that close to...再次强调了拍摄take-off shots的困难。
incredibly difficult 是challenging的同义替换；get that close to是be less than 2cm from的同义替换；a skittish, sun-warmed insect是the butterfly的同义替换。
这句话的意思和上句话其实一样。
第五句：
Unlike some photographers, who “cheat” by keeping insects in a fridge to slow them down, Peters refuses to tamper with wild butterflies.
这句话提供了一组对比：
其他摄影师：将昆虫置于低温环境来减缓其行动
彼得斯：力求还原蝴蝶的真实、自然状态
这段话在反复强调一件事：彼得斯喜欢在自然状态下拍摄蝴蝶（photograph butterflies in a landscape; refuses to tamper with wild butterflies），很不容易（challenging; incredibly difficult）。
B
[B] Peters’ signature shot is a butterfly “take-off", showing the multiple wing-beats of one butterfly in one frame as it lifts off from a flower. How does he capture it? Technology helps. A typical digital SLR camera shoots 20 frames a second. He uses a high-speed OM System which shoots 120 frames a second.
第一句话：
Peters’ signature shot is a butterfly “take-off", showing the multiple wing-beats of one butterfly in one frame as it lifts off from a flower.
signature 是名词，指“体现个体特征的东西”，也就是我们说的“招牌”，比如：
Rabbit stew is one of chef Giancarlo Moeri's signature dishes.
炖野兔是厨师詹卡洛·莫里的招牌菜之一。
Peters’ signature shot is a butterfly “take-off"...
X is Y，这种下定义式的句子，是为了引入某个新话题（起飞瞬间的照片），位置应在该话题的开头。
the multiple wing-beats指“多次扇动翅膀”。multiple我们在《再见爱人第四季也太好看了吧！丨外刊精读丨文娱》中讲过，表示“很多的”，是many的高级替换。
one frame指“一帧画面”。
lifts off from a flower和前面rising from the sea-pinks表达的是一个意思。
这句话还是在讲Peters拍摄“take-off" shots。
第二句：
How does he capture it? Technology helps.
这句话讲的是他如何拍摄，准确说是，如何在同一画面中展现蝴蝶振翼腾空的多重姿态。
后面几句：
A typical digital SLR camera shoots 20 frames a second. He uses a high-speed OM System which shoots 120 frames a second.
这几句是对“Technology helps”的具体展开，讲了如何用技术拍摄。
具体意思不用弄懂，知道它讲了什么就行，也就是How。
汇总一下：
A段讲了Peters在自然状态下拍摄蝴蝶的take-off shots，很艰难。
B段讲了Peters利用技术将蝴蝶振翼腾空的多重姿态拍摄到一个画面中。
C
[C] Britain has relatively few butterfly species compared with mainland Europe and 80% are in decline, mostly because intensive chemical farming has reduced many species to tiny fragments of habitat and small nature reserves. Global heating is benefiting some species but others are too isolated to find suitable new habitat, and gardening habits--paving over gardens and using pesticides--aren't helping either. Butterflies may not pollinate as many plants as wild bees and hover flies, but because British butterflies are the best-studied group of possess insects in the world, they are an extremely useful indicator of the wider declines in flying insects.
Britain has relatively few butterfly species...，突然讲英国了。
第一句：
Britain has relatively few butterfly species compared with mainland Europe and 80% are in decline, mostly because intensive chemical farming has reduced many species to tiny fragments of habitat and small nature reserves.
Britain has relatively few butterfly species：英国的蝴蝶品种少。
80% are in decline：而且种类在减少。
原因：intensive chemical farming，大规模化学农业。
不用翻译，抓住几个关键词就知道这句话讲的是什么：英国蝴蝶种类少且在下降，原因是化学农业。
第二句：
Global heating is benefiting some species but others are too isolated to find suitable new habitat, and gardening habits--paving over gardens and using pesticides--aren't helping either.
抓关键句：Global heating is benefiting some...but others...
but others后面不用看，因为前面讲全球气候变暖使部分蝴蝶受益，接着一个but转折，说明others不受益。
这句话的意思是，全球气候变暖并未使蝴蝶整体受益。
第三句话：
Butterflies may not pollinate as many plants as wild bees and hover flies, but because British butterflies are the best-studied group of possess insects in the world, they are an extremely useful indicator of the wider declines in flying insects.
这句话有些难度，pollinate我做题时也不认识，但根据as many plants as...可以看出这是个类比，接着往下读，看看能不能找到什么线索。
British butterflies are the best-studied group，这是一个重点信息：英国蝴蝶虽然种类少且下降，但研究程度高。
they are an extremely useful indicator：蝴蝶可以看成一个很有用的指标。
什么指标呢？the wider declines in flying insects，飞行昆虫整体数量的下降。
也就是说，可以通过研究蝴蝶，看出整体飞虫的数量变化。
这段话在讲英国蝴蝶在减少，以及蝴蝶的研究意义，好像和拍摄没什么关系。
D
[D] Five years ago, at summer’s end, Andrew Fusek Peters was diagnosed with bowel cancer. “I was waiting for surgery, feeling really ill, sitting in my garden. It was amazing weather and there were painted lady butterflies everywhere," he says. “They were a symbol of fragile life, of hope and defiance, and something appealed to my soul.”
时间点：Five years ago，回顾过去，听他讲那过去的故事。
抓关键语句：Peters was diagnosed with bowel cancer
关键词：diagnosed+cancer，说明他患病了，还是癌症，挺严重。
句子是什么意思不重要，它传递了什么信息才重要。
后面通过直接引语，讲了他如何在痛苦中（feeling really ill），从蝴蝶身上找到了希望（of hope and defiance）。
这段话以回顾的形式，讲了Peters如何喜欢上蝴蝶。
把每段话的内容整理一下：
A段讲了Peters在自然状态下拍摄蝴蝶的take-off shots，很艰难。
B段讲了Peters利用技术将蝴蝶振翼腾空的多重姿态拍摄到一个画面中。
C段讲了英国蝴蝶在减少，以及蝴蝶的研究意义。
D段讲了Peters如何喜欢上蝴蝶。
E
[E] That makes it sound easy, and artificial, but Peters insists it is still a massive challenge. He typically takes between 10,000 and 20,000 shots to get one butterfly take-off sequence in focus. At such high shutter speeds, the depth of field is tiny, and as butterflies do not fly in a straight line they swiftly flutter out of focus. As well as thousands of attempts, it takes patience and fieldcraft to anticipate a butterfly's likely flight-line-and catch it-in focus.
这段话有了突破口。
第一句：
That makes it sound easy, and artificial, but Peters insists it is still a massive challenge.
That指前面的某件事，这段话一定跟前面有衔接。
artificial 是这句话的核心！大家背单词的时候往往只看它的中文意思，忽略了英文解释，而英文解释才能触及一个单词的灵魂。artificial的意思是：created by people; not happening naturally. 人造的，人工的，不是自然发生的。它和natural相对，比如：
artificial light
人造光
当我们读到后面的段落时，便会和这个词发生勾连。
这句话是说：某件事使之看起来容易，但Peters坚持说它很难。
再看第二句：
He typically takes between 10,000 and 20,000 shots to get one butterfly take-off sequence in focus.
takes between 10,000 and 20,000 shots to get one...意思是：拍摄1-2w张才能得到一张...。
sequence 指的是一系列连续拍摄的照片，可以理解成“动作连贯镜头”。
in focus 指照片的焦点清晰，意味着蝴蝶在画面中是清楚的、对焦准确的，而不是模糊的。
合起来看，one butterfly take-off sequence in focus 就是指拍摄到一组清晰对焦的蝴蝶起飞连拍画面。
做题时这两个词不认识也没关系，抓关键语句：takes between 10,000 and 20,000 shots to get one，每1-2w张才出一张，说明了拍摄的困难，其实就是对上一句“it is still a massive challenge”的证明。
继续往下看：
At such high shutter speeds, the depth of field is tiny, and as butterflies do not fly in a straight line they swiftly flutter out of focus. As well as thousands of attempts, it takes patience and fieldcraft to anticipate a butterfly's likely flight-line-and catch it-in focus.
这两句专业术语很多，很难读懂。
但根据butterflies do not fly in a straight line（蝴蝶不会沿着直线飞）、they swiftly flutter out of focus（胡蝶很快脱离焦点）、thousands of attempts（数千次尝试）、takes patience（需要耐心）可以判断出，它讲的是拍摄困难。
还是对上一句的延续。
就像你听你女朋友讲话，不能只听字面意思，要从言语中揣摩她想表达的信息。
做阅读题也是一样，不能停留在语言表面，扣字眼、较真。
会谈恋爱为什么不会阅读？
总结一下：
E段讲了某件事很artificial，有人认为它容易，但Peters坚称这事很难，然后列举了一大堆难在哪。
F
[F] So what's the appeal of a long, sweaty day in pursuit of an elusive, fast-moving wild animal?“It just feels bloody brilliant,"says Peters. “If I've had a full day of good encounters with butterflies, met interesting butterfly people and I've got some good shots, that becomes a vault in my spiritual bank. It’s a happy feeling.”
这段语言比较简单，讲了拍摄蝴蝶对Peters的吸引力，也就是Peters为什么喜欢拍蝴蝶，即Why。
becomes a vault in my spiritual bank. It’s a happy feeling.，和D段的“of hope and defiance, and something appealed to my soul”或许有些关联。
vault 意思是“金库”，这里是一种比喻，象征着 Peters 内心深处珍藏美好回忆和成就感的地方。这里是说，Peters每次成功的拍摄，都像往内心的金库里存入一笔宝贵的财富，带来持续的幸福感和精神滋养。
汇总一下：
A段讲了Peters在自然状态下拍摄蝴蝶的take-off shots，很艰难。
B段讲了Peters利用技术将蝴蝶振翼腾空的多重姿态拍摄到一个画面中。
C段讲了英国蝴蝶在减少，以及蝴蝶的研究意义。
D段讲了Peters因为疾病，偶然喜欢上蝴蝶。
E段讲了某件事很artificial，重点描述了拍摄take-off shots的困难之处。
F段讲了拍摄蝴蝶对Peters的吸引力。
G
[G] A children's author and poet who had become a keen amateur photographer, Peters watched the butterflies and idly wondered if he could capture them in flight. It swiftly became an obsession as he recovered from a successful operation to remove the cancer. In recent summers, he has travelled the length and breadth of Britain to photograph all 58 native species of butterfly. Now the fruits of those summers have been published in a beautiful new book.
第一句：
A children's author and poet who had become a keen amateur photographer, Peters watched the butterflies and idly wondered if he could capture them in flight.
前半句A children's author and poet who had become a keen amateur photographer是枝叶成分，介绍了Peters的身份：儿童作家、诗人、业余摄影师。
岔开一笔，这部分也可以用“A-turned-B”结构替换：a children's author-and poet-turned-amateur photographer，由儿童作家和诗人转行的业余摄影师。
这个结构在《再见爱人》中讲过，介绍杨子是actor-turned-businessman Yang Zi “演员转型的商人”。
后半句Peters watched the butterflies and idly wondered if he could capture them in flight是句子主干，讲了Peters萌生拍蝴蝶这个念头。
第二句：
It swiftly became an obsession as he recovered from a successful operation to remove the cancer.
as he recovered from a successful operation to remove the cancer：随着他从癌症中恢复。
关键词：recover, cancer。和D段（从医院病房中看到窗外蝴蝶，感受到一种力量和希望）有关联。
It swiftly became an obsession：这个想法迅速成为一种痴迷。
第三句：In recent summers, he has travelled the length and breadth of Britain to photograph all 58 native species of butterfly.
这句话是围绕obsession展开，讲述他的沉迷体现在哪些方面。关键词：travelled the length and breadth of Britain、all 58 native species。
travelled the length and breadth of Britain 是一种很生动的表达方式，length 指代国家的南北跨度，breadth 指代东西跨度，合在一起强调走遍全国、广泛探索的意思。这个短语突出彼得斯不辞辛劳、全心投入地寻找蝴蝶踪迹。
这个短语在《飘》中也出现过：
His was as Irish a face as could be found in the length and breadth of the homeland he had left so long ago — round, high colored, short nosed, wide mouthed and belligerent.
他那张脸带着浓厚的爱尔兰特征，同他已离别多年的故乡的那些脸一模一样，是圆圆的、深色的，短鼻子，宽嘴巴，满脸好战的神情。
第四句：
Now the fruits of those summers have been published in a beautiful new book.
这句话介绍了Peters拍摄蝴蝶的成就：出书了。
整体看下来，这段话中的每一句话都介绍了一个方面，比如第一句：身份；第二句：拍摄蝴蝶的前因；第三句：拍摄蝴蝶的痴迷；第四句：拍摄蝴蝶的成就。
有一点概览性质，像开头。（只是阅读时的一种推测，不是定论）
汇总一下：
A段：Peters在自然状态下拍摄蝴蝶的take-off shots，很艰难。
B段：Peters利用技术将蝴蝶振翼腾空的多重姿态拍摄到一个画面中。
C段：英国蝴蝶在减少，以及蝴蝶的研究意义。
D段：Peters因为疾病，偶然喜欢上蝴蝶。
E段：某件事很artificial，重点描述了拍摄take-off shots的困难之处。
F段：拍摄蝴蝶对Peters的吸引力。
G段：Peters的身份、如何喜欢上拍摄蝴蝶、拍摄蝴蝶的成就。
H
[H] A butterfly takes off so quickly it is still impossible to react quickly enough to capture that take-off but if he half-presses the shutter, the camera saves the 70 previous frames before the moment he actually takes the picture. “It’s time travel, so I don't miss the moment of take-off," he says. After he's captured the butterfly taking off, he layers 10 to 15 frames together in Photoshop.
最后一段了，加把力。
第一句话：
A butterfly takes off so quickly it is still impossible to react quickly enough to capture that take-off but if he half-presses the shutter, the camera saves the 70 previous frames before the moment he actually takes the picture.
A butterfly takes off so quickly 蝴蝶起飞如此之快
it is still impossible to react quickly enough to capture that take-off 不可能让人有快速反应，捕捉起飞的瞬间。
but if he half-presses the shutter 但如果他按下快门
the camera saves the 70 previous frames before the moment he actually takes the picture 相机会保存他按快门之前的70帧画面。
这句话在讲拍摄难度和方法。
第二句：
“It’s time travel, so I don't miss the moment of take-off," he says.
直接引用是对上一句的展开说明，通过引述别人的话，来证明前面的某个观点。所以在阅读中，如果前面一句你读懂了，直接引用的句子可以直接跳过；如果没读懂，可以放在一起看，寻找线索，相互对照，突破迷局。
第三句：
After he's captured the butterfly taking off, he layers 10 to 15 frames together in Photoshop.
在他拍摄到蝴蝶起飞之后，把在Photoshop中把10-15帧画面叠加到一起。（以在一个画面中展现蝴蝶多次扇动翅膀的样子showing the multiple wing-beats of one butterfly in one frame）
这句话触发关键词Photoshop，这照片是P过的，有没有联想到E段的artificial？
也就是说，他把多帧画面放到PS上，有人说这很artificial，很容易，他说还是很艰辛。
所以，排出了一个顺序：H→E。
很多人在发社交媒体之前，会把照片修一下，这种照片就叫artificially enhanced photo或artificially edited photo “P过的照片”。
最后，开始做题。
1
先汇总一下每段话讲了什么：（做题时可以把大意写在段落旁边，或把关键词圈出来）
A段：Peters在自然状态下拍摄蝴蝶的take-off shots，很艰难。
B段：Peters利用技术将蝴蝶振翼腾空的多重姿态拍摄到一个画面中。
C段：英国蝴蝶在减少，以及蝴蝶的研究意义。
D段：Peters因为疾病，偶然喜欢上蝴蝶。
E段：某件事很artificial，重点描述了拍摄take-off shots的困难之处。
F段：拍摄蝴蝶对Peters的吸引力。
G段：Peters的身份、如何喜欢上拍摄蝴蝶、拍摄蝴蝶的成就。
H段：拍摄起飞瞬间很难，Peters使用PS做图。
我们已经判断出一个排序：H→E
看题：
？→？→C→？→H→？→A→？
填好一个：
？→？→C→？→H→E→A→？
2
这篇文章的开头，我们大胆猜测一下，有可能是D：
Five years ago, at summer’s end, Andrew Fusek Peters was diagnosed...and something appealed to my soul.
也有可能是G：
A children's author and poet who had become a keen amateur photographer, Peters...Now the fruits of those summers have been published in a beautiful new book.
D属于倒序开篇，从过去的故事切入，像放电影一样，慢慢地引入话题。
G属于开门见山型，在第一段把所有的信息交待完，接下来的每一段，都对应着前面的一处信息，对该信息进行展开描述。
这两种开篇方式在外刊中都很常见。
如果你没看出这一层也没关系，我们以继续推(瞎)理(蒙)。
3
先看C前后两个空：
Britain has relatively few butterfly species...they are an extremely useful indicator of the wider declines in flying insects.
C一开头就讲英国，而整篇文章讲的是Peters拍蝴蝶，C乱入了。说明C前面一段的最后，肯定会出现Britain，不然C的开头太突兀了。
浏览了一下，只有G：
...In recent summers, he has travelled the length and breadth of Britain to photograph all 58 native species of butterfly. Now the fruits of those summers have been published in a beautiful new book.
只能是G。
又填好一个：
？→G→C→？→H→E→A→？
每填好一个空，就把原文叉掉：
4
再推断C的后一段。
C最后讲的是蝴蝶的研究意义，剩余的BDF都没讲，暂时推断不出来。
那就看H的前一段。
H段：
A butterfly takes off so quickly it is still impossible to react quickly enough... ...he layers 10 to 15 frames together in Photoshop.
开头讲的是拍摄起飞画面的困难（蝴蝶起飞很快，人不可能反应那么快...），说明前面必然要先引入“拍摄起飞画面”这个话题，不然一上来就讲某件事困难，太突兀。
而已知的G、C都没讲，所以剩余的BDF中，必然有一段要引入“拍摄起飞画面”话题，且这一段就是H的上一段。
B段：
Peters’signature shot is a butterfly “take-off", showing the multiple wing-beats of one butterfly in one frame as it lifts off from a flower...He uses a high-speed OM System which shoots 120 frames a second.
D段：
Five years ago, at summer’s end, Andrew Fusek Peters was diagnosed...and something appealed to my soul.
F：
So what's the appeal of a long, sweaty day.... It’s a happy feeling.”
B段Peters’signature shot is a butterfly “take-off"很明显带有定义性质（前面讲过），引入“飞起画面”这个话题，所以B位于H前面，先介绍Peters的招牌摄影是蝴蝶的起飞画面，再讲拍摄起飞画面的困难。
又填上一个：
？→G→C→B→H→E→A→？
5
还剩一个开头和一个结尾：
D段：
Five years ago, at summer’s end, Andrew Fusek Peters was diagnosed...and something appealed to my soul.
F段：
So what's the appeal of a long, sweaty day.... It’s a happy feeling.”
“Five years ago, at summer’s end”特别像一个故事性开头；而“So what's the appeal of a long, sweaty day”中，“So”很明显是一个总结性质的词。所以，D是开头，F是结尾。
答案：
D→G→C→B→H→E→A→F
最后我们代入阅读，看看通不通顺就行。
总结做题步骤：
1. 概述每段内容
2. 由已知选项，从衔接角度，推导未知选项。
3. 推导遵循由易到难原则，先确定简单的、把握大的，当线索变多时，再推导难的。
4. 代入检查。
这篇文章很长，我写得很累，大家学着也累，辛苦辛苦！
