经济学人双语精读 04月02日 13:12
做了一下考研英语一,分享我的做题思路 丨2025年考研英语一完型填空丨真题精讲
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本文基于2025年考研英语一完形填空真题,聚焦于希腊水下古城Pavlopetri遗址的发现与研究。文章首先介绍了该遗址的地理位置和历史背景,Pavlopetri曾是迈锡尼希腊的重要贸易中心。随后,文章探讨了该古城因地震和海平面上升而沉入水下的过程,以及考古学家如何通过先进技术,如声纳测绘和机器人技术,揭开其神秘面纱。最后,文章强调了该遗址作为贸易中心的地位,以及其纺织业的繁荣。

🌊 位于伯罗奔尼撒半岛的Pavlopetri古城,约建于公元前3500年,是新石器时代的重要聚居地,后来成为迈锡尼希腊的贸易中心。

📉 该城市因地震和海啸逐渐沉入海底,地貌被沙层覆盖,在水下沉睡了数千年。海平面的缓慢上升也加速了其沉没。

🔍 1967年,英国海洋学家Nicholas Flemming首次发现了水下遗址。 2009年至2013年间,考古学家利用先进技术,如机器人技术和声纳测绘,对遗址进行了全面调查,揭开了其神秘面纱。

🏘️ 考古发掘显示,Pavlopetri古城占地约2.5英亩,拥有约50座矩形建筑,并有开放式庭院,印证了其作为繁荣贸易中心的地位,并暗示了发达的纺织业。

原创 Soren 2025-03-11 08:58 辽宁

好几年没做考研真题了。今年英语一讨论度很高,我忍不住做了一下。今天先和大家讲讲2025年英语一的完型,中间穿

好几年没做考研真题了。今年英语一讨论度很高,我忍不住做了一套。

今天先和大家讲讲2025年英语一的完型,中间穿插着分享我的做题思路和感悟。


先看原题,再看解析。


原题:

Located in the southem Peloponnesian peninsula, Pavlopetri (the modern name of the site) emerged as a Neolithic settlement around 3500 B.C. and became an important trading center for Mycenaean Greece (1650-1180B.C.). This area of the Aegean Sea is __1__ to earthquakes and tsunamis, which caused the city to __2__sink. The slow sea level rise in the Mediterranean __3__ the city more than 3,000 years ago.

For millennia, the city's __4__ lay unseen below some 13 feet of water. They were covered by a thick layer of sand __5__ the island of Laconia. In recent decades, shifting __6__ and climate change have eroded a natural barrier that __7__ Pavlopetri. In1967 a scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast was __8__ data to analyze changes in sea levels __9__ British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the sunken __10__. A year later, he returned with a few students to __11__ the location and map the site. The team identified some 15 buildings, courtyards, a network of streets, and two chamber tombs. __12__ the exciting initial finds, the site would lie __13__ for decades before archaeologists would return.

In 2009 archaeologists Chrysanthi Gallou and Jon Henderson __14__ the excavation of Pavlopetri in cooperation with the Greek Ministry of Culture. Since the 1960s, underwater archaeology __15__ and tools had made huge advances. The team __16__ robotics, sonar mapping, and state-of-the-art graphics to survey the site. From 2009 to 2013 they were able to bring the underwater town to __17__. Covering about two and a half acres, Pavlopetri’s three main roads __18__ some 50 rectangular buildings, all of which had open courtyards. Excavations revealed a large number of Minoan-style loom weights, __19__ Pavlopetri was a thriving trade center with a __20__ textile industry.


1. [A] relevant    [B] prone    [C] available    [D] alien

2. [A] accidentally    [B] frequently    [C] gradually    [D] temporarily

3. [A] disguised    [B] submerged    [C] relocated    [D] isolated

4. [A] legends    [B] programs    [C] remains    [D] surroundings

5. [A] across    [B] off    [C] under    [D] via

6. [A] currents    [B] rivers    [C] seasons    [D] winds

7. [A] elevated    [B] separated    [C] comprised    [D] protected

8, [A] gathering    [B] restoring    [C] updating    [D] supplying

9. [A] when    [B] until    [C] after    [D] once

10. [A] belongings    [B] resources    [C] products    [D] structures

11. [A] preserve    [B] select    [C] display    [D] examine

12. [A] Despite    [B] Unlike    [C] Besides    [D] Among

13. [A] unchallenged    [B] unknown    [C] unorganized    [D] undisturbed

14. [A] suspended    [B] transferred    [C] resumed    [D] canceled

15. [A] policies    [B] theories    [C] documents    [D] techniques

16. [A] ordered    [B] provided    [C] employed    [D] adjusted

17. [A] effect    [B] light    [C] reality    [D]mind

18. [A] crossed    [B] connected    [C] blocked    [D] altered

19. [A] expecting    [B] suggesting    [C] predicting    [D] recalling

20. [A] robust    [B] diverse    [C] marginal    [D] dependent 



解析:


1


Located in the southem Peloponnesian peninsula, Pavlopetri (the modern name of the site) emerged as a Neolithic settlement around 3500 B.C. and became an important trading center for Mycenaean Greece (1650-1180 B.C.).


这句话出现了很多首字母大写的专有名词,我们不要纠结某个词是什么意思,要去体会句子所传递的信息。


前半句介绍了位置:Located in the southem Peloponnesian peninsula,位于某个半岛的南部。


Pavlopetri emerged as a Neolithic settlement around 3500 B.C.,告诉我们这是一个古代的居住地(settlement ),became an important trading center for Mycenaean Greece说明它在古代很繁荣。


至于Peloponnesian、Pavlopetri、Neolithic、Mycenaean Greece是什么意思,我们暂时不用管,名称只是个代号,我们甚至可以用A、B、C、D替代。不过可以大致推断出,Peloponnesian是一个地区名;Pavlopetri是个地点,也是本文主题,因为它在句子主干的主语位置上;Neolithic是一个时代或民族,Mycenaean是一个时代。


2


This area of the Aegean Sea is __1__ to earthquakes and tsunamis, which caused the city to __2__sink.


be X to+不好的事情,这个搭配一下子让我想到了be prone tobe vulnerable tobe susceptible to,答案应该就在这三个里。这三个短语都表示“容易受到...的影响”,用英语说就是be easily affected by。

2023年初硅谷银行破产,我们在公众号里讲过这三个词组:

The bank appears to have been uniquely susceptible to a run. 

银行似乎极为容易遭受挤兑。

Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home.

儿童在自己家里最容易受到虐待。

People who smoke are prone to lung cancer.

抽烟者更容易患肺癌。


看选项:

[A] relevant

[B] prone

[C] available

[D] alien


选B。

Be relevant to是“和…相关”.

sth be available to sb是“某人可获得某物”,2021年《政府工作报告》中出现过这个词:

We will further deepen reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, improve the basic medical and health care systems, and more quickly reach the goal of making basic medical and health services available to all citizens.

进一步深化医药卫生体制改革,健全基本医疗卫生制度,加快实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。

2020年考研英语二Text3中也出现过:

Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents’ health  in the face of a serious threat.

面对严峻挑战,当地官员正充分运用各类可行手段,全力保障居民健康安全。

be alien to是“对……感到陌生”,《百年孤独》中出现过这个短语:

But Colonel Aureliano Buendía did not notice it. He seemed so alien to everything that he did not even notice Remedios the Beauty as she passed by naked on her way to her bedroom.

但奥雷里亚诺·布恩迪亚上校毫无察觉。他完全心不在焉,甚至都没注意到美人儿蕾梅黛丝赤着身子走向卧室。


继续看:which caused the city to __2__sink

选项:

[A] accidentally

[B] frequently

[C] gradually

[D] temporarily


选C,逐渐下沉。frequently太夸张了,accidentally和temporarily不符合正常思维。


3


The slow sea level rise in the Mediterranean __3__ the city more than 3,000 years ago.


在3000年前,海平面缓慢上升,怎么了这个城市。


看一下选项:

[A] disguised

[B] submerged

[C] relocated

[D] isolated


结合第一句的emerged as,第二句的earthquakes and tsunamis,以及gradually sink,不难选出正确答案是B。


4


For millennia, the city's __4__ lay unseen below some 13 feet of water.


数千年来,这座城市的什么,在13英尺深的水中不被看到。


millennia可能不认识,但应该知道millennial(千禧一代),公众号《经济学人眼中的中国网红“大V”》中讲过。

它的前缀mille-意为“千”。

millennia是复数,单数是millennium(一千年)。

类似的单复数变化还有medium→media

前几天有人在留言区问我一个句子:

The media were accused of influencing the final decision. 
媒体被指责左右了终审判决。

他问:这个句子主语是media,谓语为什么用复数?

他误以为media是单数。其实media本身就是不规则复数形式,谓语动词理应用复数。

不过它用单数也可以,所以上面的句子也可以写成:

The media was accused of influencing the final decision. 


看一下第4题的选项:

[A] legends 传奇

[B] programs 项目

[C] remains 遗迹、剩余物

[D] surroundings 周围环境


想到了《新概念三》里的一个句子,相同语境下,用的是remains,选C。

做完题后查了下,出自第3课An unknown goddess:

The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.

其中一尊雕像的躯体被发现于公元前十五世纪的遗迹之中。

5


They were covered by a thick layer of sand __5__ the island of Laconia.


这些遗迹被一层厚厚的沙覆盖,后面是一个岛。


跟这个岛有什么关系呢?看选项:

[A] across

[B] off

[C] under

[D] via


这里要描述遗迹和岛的位置关系,我的第一反应是选B,因为off the island在新闻报刊中太常见了:

off 表示“离开”,但指的是刚刚脱离接触,距离不算远(away from 距离很远),off the coast/island表示“在海岸/岛附近”,相当于near the coast/island(新闻截图中也出现了这个表达)。

但我稍微犹豫了一下,觉得“埋在岛下”貌似也说得过去。但想了一下,这个岛是被海平面淹没的,不是被泥沙覆盖,所以under不恰当。


6


In recent decades, shifting __6__ and climate change have eroded a natural barrier that __7__ Pavlopetri.


在最近几十年,变化的什么,和气候变化,腐蚀了一个天然屏障,这个屏障怎么这个地方。


看第6题的选项:

[A] currents

[B] rivers

[C] seasons

[D] winds


这个城市已经被淹没了,在海水下面。eroded a natural barrier,能腐蚀到水下的东西,四个选项中只能是洋流 currents.

第一次接触到这个含义是在《新概念三》第18课,标题中就出现了这个词:

Electric currents in modern art

Electric currents是“电流”的意思。

current 作名词泛指“流”,如水流、气流、电流、(思想)潮流、趋势,看几个例句:

He swam to the shore against a strong current.
他逆着急流游向岸边。 

Birds use warm air currents to help their flight. 
鸟利用暖气流助飞。

Ministers are worried by this current of anti-government feeling. 
部长们对这股反政府情绪感到担忧。


第7题我做错了,先看选项:

[A] elevated

[B] separated

[C] comprised

[D] protected


原文:a natural barrier that __7__ Pavlopetri

天然屏障怎么这个城市。


我选的是B separated,心里想的是“把Pavlopetri和外界隔绝开”。

这么想没错,但正确的表达应该是:separated Pavlopetri from sth 或 separated Pavlopetri and sth,如果没有后半部分,只说separated Pavlopetri,那就是把这座城市一分为二了。

大意了,没有闪。

正确答案是D protected,把它保护起来。从后文被发现可以判断出,这座城市保留基本完整,没有什么破损,所以是“保护”。


7


In1967 a scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast was __8__ data to analyze changes in sea levels __9__ British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the sunken __10__.


a scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast was __8__ data / to analyze...

他们什么数据,是为了分析……


按照研究步骤,应先收集数据,再进行分析。所以8应该填gathering或collecting,看下选项:

[A] gathering

[B] restoring

[C] updating

[D] supplying

选A。

有一些题可以通过平时的阅读积累或背景知识直接填出来。


继续看:

to analyze changes in sea levels __9__ British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the sunken __10__.


看到“to analyze changes in sea levels __9__ British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming”我也不知道这句话在讲什么,再看到后面“first spotted the sunken __10__”,有种感觉,“British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted...”像是定语从句(看了选项才知道是状语从句),核心是“analyze changes in sea levels __9__”


看第9题选项:

[A] when

[B] until

[C] after

[D] once


前半句讲收集数据,分析海平面变化,后半句讲一位海洋学家发现了沉没的(城市),这两件事是同时发生的,用when连接,选A。

英语中若表示两件事同时发生,即表示汉语中的“这时……”,会先讲一件事,然后用when引入另一件事,此时when可以翻译成“这时”,而不是“当什么时候”。这种结构在外刊中不要太常见,但我一时没找到例句,后面看到了再补。


继续看:British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the sunken __10__.

第10题应该是city、remains这类词,看选项:

[A] belongings

[B] resources

[C] products

[D] structures


belongings指人的财物,机场、车站、地铁等公共场所经常会看到这个词:Please take care of your personal belongings。

resources是“资源”,如水、石油、天然气。

products 是“产品”。

structures “结构”,综上,D选项最恰当。这里的structures是对前面city和remains的同义替换。


8


A year later, he returned with a few students to __11__ the location and map the site.


一年之后,他带着几个学生返回,什么这个位置,并在地图上标记出来。


这里的 map 是动词,表示“在地图上标记”,2018年的《政府工作报告》中出现过这个词:

...and mapped out an inspiring blueprint and a program of action for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for striving for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era

……制定了决胜全面建成小康社会、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的宏伟蓝图和行动纲领,具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。

制定……的宏伟蓝图:map out an inspiring blueprint of...


看一下选项:

[A] preserve 保护

[B] select 选择

[C] display 展现

[D] examine 检查、考察(仔细、认真地看,带有分析的意味)


感觉D有点像,但缺乏语境,不敢100%确定,继续往下看。


9


The team identified some 15 buildings, courtyards, a network of streets, and two chamber tombs.


这个团队认出了15个建筑物、庭院、街道网络以及两个墓室。


10



__12__ the exciting initial finds, the site would lie __13__ for decades before archaeologists would return.


XX这个令人激动的初始发现,这个遗迹(该语境下site和remains是同义替换)几十年来保持XX样的状态,直到考古学家返回。


Lie+形容词或介词,是英语中常见的表达方式,意思是“某物处于一种什么状态或位置”,lie也可以换成standsitstandremain,我们在《日本决定将福岛核废水排入大海》中讲过这几个词。


before很多同学都翻译成“在……之前”,其实在阅读中,可以把它翻译成“然后”更好理解一些。(before和until的意思是一样的,都表示是在某件事之前发生的,所以前面翻译成“直到”也没错)

before archaeologists would return,然后考古学家返回。(说明之前走了。)


选看选项13:

[A] unchallenged

[B] unknown

[C] unorganized

[D] undisturbed


AC和语境不搭,答案聚焦在BD上。

前面有first spotted the sunken和the exciting initial finds,说明已经被发现了,不可能unknown,所以是D。

这句话是说,有了令人激动的初始发现,然后考古学家走了,遗迹没有再被打扰,直到他们返回。


再看选项12:

[A] Despite

[B] Unlike

[C] Besides

[D] Among


exciting和undisturbed情感相反,前半句和后面是转折关系,选A。尽管初始发现令人激动,但遗迹没有再被打扰。


11


In 2009 archaeologists Chrysanthi Gallou and Jon Henderson __14__ the excavation of Pavlopetri in cooperation with the Greek Ministry of Culture.


2009年,考古学家XX这个地方的挖掘,这项工作是和希腊文化部合作进行的。


阅读中一定要注意时间线的变化,把时间用笔圈出来。

回顾一下上一段的时间线:

1967年首次发现。

第二年(a year later)也就是1968年教授带着学生回来标记地图。

几十年(for decades)来不被打扰,直到他们返回。

然后这一段时间是2009,过去了40多年,说明这些专家学者们回来了。


excavation这个词比较难,指“挖掘”,动词是excavate,好像《新概念四》中出现过,《鱼翅与花椒》中在描述吃蟹时用到了这个词:

So I crushed the legs with the crushers and poked out their tender meat, excavated the frondy white flesh of the claws. Then I dipped the meat into a saucer of ginger-infused vinegar before popping it into my mouth.

我用蟹钳夹断蟹腿,掏出里面软嫩的蟹肉,还把蟹钳里面一丝丝白色的肉也挖出来了,接着拿肉蘸了蘸泡姜醋酱汁,再扔进嘴里。  

看饿了,中午吃啥?


看14题的选项:

[A] suspended

[B] transferred

[C] resumed

[D] canceled


我们刚才分析了,他们返回了,所以是resume,恢复工作。

suspend 暂停(工作),这个词可以用在前面:

Despite the exciting initial finds, archaeologists suspended their work before they would return decades later.


12


Since the 1960s, underwater archaeology __15__ and tools had made huge advances. The team __16__ robotics, sonar mapping, and state-of-the-art graphics to survey the site.


自从20世纪60年代,水下考古XX和工具有了巨大进步。团队XX机器人技术、声呐测绘、最先进的图像技术,来研究这个地方。


survey the site,有没有想到前面的examine the site?以同义替换的形式告诉我们答案了,11题确定选examine。


state-of-the-art我们在《从经济学人关于DeepSeek的报道中,分享两个实用表达》中讲过,表示“最先进的”,留言区还有很多同义补充:cutting-edge technologies = state-of-the-art technologies = leading technologies.


The team __16__ robotics, sonar mapping,该团队使用了各种先进技术,第16题填used,看选项:

[A] ordered

[B] provided

[C] employed

[D] adjusted


选C,employed。


employ也有“使用”的意思,公众号《“应对”除了 deal with 还可以怎么说》《世界各国疫情梳理》中都讲过,2020年考研英语(二)的Text3中也出现过:

Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable.

城市在独自应对气候污染时采取的措施存在许多薄弱点,其中之一就是会在政治上引发争议,也因此较为脆弱。

太阳底下没新鲜事。考研中的生词短语,外刊中必然出现过。如果你拒绝读外刊,就在拒绝积累表达。


B选项provided可能有一些误导,该语境下,provide的主语应该是公司,他们提供工具,科研团队是无法提供的,他们不生产工具,只使用工具。


看前面,第15题:

underwater archaeology __15__ and tools had made huge advances


and tools,既然并列,说明15题和tools是同一种类型,看选项:

[A] policies 政策

[B] theories 理论

[C] documents 文件

[D] techniques 方法、工艺


techniques和tools属于同一类型,选D。


13


From 2009 to 2013 they were able to bring the underwater town to __17__.


从2006到2013年间,他们把水下城市XX。

第17题大概是“重见天日”的意思。

看选项:

[A] effect

[B] light

[C] reality

[D]mind


bring sth to light,固定搭配,让某物为人所知,林语堂的《苏东坡传》中出现过这个表达:

Chinese philological research was at its height in the Manchu dynasty; and many old editions came to light, particularly in the nation-wide scouring for ancient scripts and rare books in connection with the great Sze\u Chuanshu imperial library under Emperor Chienlung.

中国文字学研究在清朝达到鼎盛时期,众多古籍版本得以重见天日,特别是在乾隆皇帝主持编纂《四库全书》期间,举国搜罗古籍善本,使诸多珍贵文献得以发掘。

many old editions came to light:众多古籍版本得以重见天日。

如果是物作主语,则用come to light,看一个《哈利·波特与凤凰社》里的例句:

Startling new evidence has recently come to light that Sirius Black may not have committed the crimes for which he was sent to Azkaban.

最近,一项令人震惊的新证据浮出水面,表明小天狼星·布莱克或许并未犯下导致其被关押于阿兹卡班的罪行。

14


Covering about two and a half acres, Pavlopetri’s three main roads __18__ some 50 rectangular buildings, all of which had open courtyards.


这个城市覆盖2.5平方英亩的面积,三条主干道XX了50个建筑,这些建筑都有开放的庭院。


当时我猜这地方应该填connected,看了一下选项,确实。

这个用法记得在《新概念三》中出现过,做完题后我找了一下,是第8课的第1句:

The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.

大圣伯纳隘道连接瑞士与意大利。

(pass作名词指“山道”)


看下其他选项,A,cross表示从中间穿过,主干道从建筑物中间穿过,这不可能,又不是重庆。

C,block,主干道堵塞了建筑,没听说过,buildings blocked main roads还差不多。

D,alter,驴唇不对马嘴。


15


Excavations revealed a large number of Minoan-style loom weights, __19__ Pavlopetri was a thriving trade center with a __20__ textile industry.


考古挖掘发现了大量的某种风格的loom weights,XX这个地方曾是繁荣的贸易中心,拥有XX丝织产业。


Excavations是excavate的名词,指“挖掘出来的东西”。作不可数名词时,表示“挖掘”这个动作,是一个抽象名词;作可数名词时,指“挖掘出来的东西”,是具体名词。

类似的名词还有,building,作可数名词时是“建筑物”,指具体的东西,作不可数名词时,指“建造”这个过程。

recording作可数名词时指具体的“录音/录像制品”,作不可数名词时,指录制行为。

这样的例子还有很多。


Minoan首字母大写,是专有名词,具体啥意思不用管,Minoan-style重点落在“style”,说明它是某种风格。


loom weights做题时我也不知道是什么意思,但不影响做题,这句话前面是现象(发现),后面是结论,很明显要用suggesting, meaning, indicating, saying这些词。看一下选项:

[A] expecting

[B] suggesting

[C] predicting

[D] recalling

轻松选出B。

如果选A或C,说明你是用中文思维去想的,要多阅读,习惯英文的表达方式。


loom有“织布机”的意思,weight是名词,loom weights查了一下ChatGPT,解释如下:

织机坠块(loom weights)主要用于固定和拉紧经线,确保织布过程中经线保持稳定和均匀张力,常见于垂直织机(upright loom)。


was a thriving trade center with a __20__ textile industry

可以判断出,20题应和thriving是同义词,形容纺织业强大、繁荣。看一下选项:

[A] robust

[B] diverse

[C] marginal

[D] dependent


选A,robust,相当于strong,也可以用thriving, flourishing, prosperous等替换。

公众号文章《我是个妈妈,我需要铂金包(上)》中讲过:

Teeming and vital, the city reminded me of a rain forest, the only other habitat that could support such extreme and robust variation among life-forms.

整座城市生气勃勃,变化万千,让我想起雨林。除了雨林,没有一个生物栖息地能像纽约一样,滋养如此缤纷的生命形式。

《政府工作报告》的英文版中很喜欢用这个词,因为这个词太积极了,能让人联想到一派欣欣向荣、稳中向好的局面。如2024年:

...we adopted a full range of robust and effective policies...

……打出有力有效的政策组合拳……

2023年:

Large financial institutions registered sound growth, financial systems operated in a robust and stable manner, and we ensured that no systemic risks arose.

大型金融机构健康发展,金融体系稳健运行,守住了不发生系统性风险的底线。

...took robust action in response to natural disasters to forestall any large-scale relapse into poverty.

……有力应对灾情等不利影响,确保不发生规模性返贫。

2021年:

Creating a robust domestic market and fostering a new development pattern.

形成强大国内市场,构建新发展格局。

这样的例子很多,不再举了。


再看其他选项:[B] diverse

with a diverse textile industry

这种表述是没问题的,但不符合语境(thriving)。




2025年考研英语一的完型填空讲到这里,大家有不懂的可以在下面留言,我们一起交流讨论。

课后作业:把做题思路搞清,把语言点背过。

如果大家喜欢,请点赞留言告诉我,我会继续更新阅读理解 Part A 和 Part B。

感谢阅读!


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