原创 Soren 2025-01-14 08:45 江苏
关于钱的一些表达
前段时间,公务员和事业编制人员工资普调,引发热议,《经济学人》也对此事进行了报道,今天和大家分享文章里的一些语言点:
01
“公务员”怎么说?
A pay rise for government workers sparks envy in China.
政府工作人员薪资上涨引发嫉妒。
government workers指“政府员工、公务员”
So as news spread online in late December that people on the government payroll were being given a salary increase, some netizens were outraged.
12月下旬,编制工作人员加薪的消息在网上传开后,一些网友感到愤慨。
payroll是指“工资名单”,people on the government payroll字面意思是“在政府工资名单上的人”,即政府给发工资的人,即编制内人员。
“裁员”的一种说法就是cut the payroll。
outrage指“使愤慨”,也可以作名词,指“愤慨”,《青岛路虎司机逆行打人惹众怒》一文中,我们讲过 spark outrage 这个表达。
把out去掉,rage则表示“猛烈地进行”,可以搭配流行病、大火、暴风雨、战斗、争论等,最近洛杉矶大火,新闻报道中便出现了这个词:
Those affected include civil servants as well as others paid by the government, such as teachers.
受到影响的包括公务员以及其他由政府支付薪酬的群体,如教师等。
civil servants是“公务员”的标准说法,civil指“公民的、国民的”,如civil war / disturbance 内战/内乱。
Life can be tough as a state employee, but envy of them is growing.
作为政府雇员,生活可能并不容易,但公众对他们的嫉妒情绪却在不断升温。
a state employee也是“公务员”的意思。
02
“加薪”怎么说?
A pay rise for government workers sparks anger and envy in China.
政府工作人员薪资上涨引发了中国民众的愤怒与嫉妒。
rise在这里是名词,a pay rise/increase是“加薪”的意思。
So as news spread online in late December that people on the government payroll were being given a salary increase, some netizens were outraged.
因此,当12月下旬关于政府工作人员薪资上涨的消息在网络上传开时,一些网友感到愤怒。
salary和pay是同义替换,a salary/pay/wage rise/increase都是“加薪”。可搭配动词receive或be given。
On social media, however, users have been confirming their pay packets are bigger (though some say they have not been notified).
然而,在社交媒体上,许多网友表示他们的工资已经有所增加(尽管也有一些人称尚未收到正式通知)。
packet指包裹、袋子,过去人们通常把现金工资装进信封或纸袋中发放,因此“pay packets”字面意思指“工资袋”,现在引申为“薪水、报酬”,是个非正式表达。
Pay packets are bigger,工资袋更大了,即加薪。
The raise is hardly massive: a few tens of dollars per month, backdated to July, according to examples cited on the internet. It would amount to an increase of a few percent on their basic pay. But it appears to be the first hike since 2021.
这次涨幅并不算大:根据网络上的一些例子,每月涨幅仅为几十美元,从7月起追溯计算,基本工资的增幅也仅为几个百分点。但这似乎是自2021年以来的首次调薪。
raise和hike都可以作名词,表示“增长”,在该语境中都指“加薪”。
hike可用于描述图表或价格上涨,看个外刊例句:
Shoppers in Taiwan have rushed to their supermarkets to get their hands on as many toilet paper rolls as possible amid fears of an impending price hike.
因担忧价格即将上涨,台湾民众涌入超市抢购卫生纸。
03
“降薪”怎么说?
In China’s private sector, many complain that jobs and wages are being cut as the country’s economy flounders.
在中国的私营部门,许多人抱怨随着经济面临困境,公司在裁员、降薪。
wages are being cut指“降薪”。
flounder意思是to have a lot of problems and be likely to fail completely“困难重重,艰难挣扎”,例如:
More and more firms are floundering because of the recession.
由于经济衰退,越来越多的公司举步维艰。
电影《纽约的一个雨天》中也出现过这个词:
04
如何形容“缺钱”?
But it appears to be the first hike since 2021. After several years of urging by the government that officials tighten their belts, it signals a little easing.
但这似乎是自2021年以来的首次涨薪。在政府多年来敦促官员们“勒紧裤腰带”之后,这一举措显现出一些放松的迹象。
Tighten their belts是个比喻,字面意思是“勒紧裤腰带”,形容缺钱的状态。
In recent years there have been widespread reports of cash-strapped local authorities delaying or cutting payments of other benefits.
近年来,关于地方政府因财政困窘而推迟或削减其他福利支付的报道屡见不鲜。
cash-strapped 是合成形容词,意思是“资金紧张的”,也可以用cash-stretched或financially stretched表示。
strap是“捆绑”的意思,被现金绑住,就是“手头拮据、手头困难”的意思。
看《继承之战》里的一句台词:
05
“工资少”有哪些说法?
Pay—even when received on time and in full—has often failed to reflect the amount of effort put in. So workers are putting in less effort.
即便薪酬按时足额发放,也往往难以真正体现劳动者的付出。因此,许多员工选择减少工作投入。
“工资少”就是工资和付出不成正比,可以说 Pay failed to reflect the amount of effort put in,其中put in是过去分词形式的后置定语,修饰effort,指“投入的精力”。
这句话还有一个更简单的说法:underpaid.
underpay由“under”和“pay”组合而成,从构词角度就可以推断出,它是“少付”的意思,比如你嫌老板给你的工资低,就可以说:
I'm underpaid, so I want to find another job.
我工资低,所以想跳槽。
它的反义词是overpay,指“给...过多的钱”,2016年考研阅读理解Text4中就出现了这个词:
“So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said.
“所以如果你为纸质版多付了钱,你会觉得你在帮助他们。”佩雷迪说。
《经济学人》关于虚拟网红的报道中也用到了这个词:
According to fans, the performer behind the virtual idol had complained that she was bullied, overworked and underpaid. 据粉丝们透露,这位虚拟偶像的幕后扮演者曾抱怨自己受到职场欺凌、工作强度大、薪水过低。
overworked and underpaid 经常成双成对出现,作形容词,表示“过度工作、工资低”,大家可以直接当做词块记下。
美剧《傲骨贤妻》第七季中就出现过这组搭配:
overwork 这个词比较简单,它是由前缀“over-”(过度)和“work”(工作)组成,合起来就是“过度工作,过度劳累”,兼具名词和动词两种用法。
我们先看它的动词用法,当 overwork 用作动词时,既可以用主动,也可以用被动,比如:
He's overworking and has got a lot on his mind.
他工作太累,而且非常操心。(主动)
He is overworked and underpaid.
他超负荷工作,但工资极低。(被动)
其名词用法更为普遍,常出现在“压力”“工作与生活”的话题中,比如,《经济学人》中有篇文章讲了过度工作的危害,题目叫 Get a life(去享受生活吧),文中有这么一句话:
Overwork, said Russell, led to "frayed nerves, weariness, and dyspepsia". ([dɪsˈpepsiə])
罗素说,过度工作会导致“神经紧张、疲倦和消化不良”。
据查,2015年国家开始搞公务员薪资两年一调的政策。简单说,就是每两年就会调整一次工资,保证公务员收入能跟得上物价上涨。上一次工资调整在2021年,已超出正常约两年的调整周期。
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