Fortune | FORTUNE 2024年11月28日
Fully autonomous planes could be coming to a flight near you—and that’s not a good thing
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本文作者,一位拥有28年经验的航空飞行员,强烈反对飞机制造商将飞行员从驾驶舱中移除的趋势。他指出,尽管自动驾驶技术不断发展,但飞行员在确保飞行安全方面仍然至关重要。通过多个案例分析,作者强调了飞行员在处理紧急情况和复杂事件中的关键作用,并援引民意调查结果,表明公众对无人驾驶飞机的安全性存在强烈担忧。作者呼吁将飞行安全放在首位,反对以牺牲安全为代价追求自动化和盈利,并希望公众能够理解飞行员的担忧,共同守护航空安全。

✈️ **自动驾驶技术只是辅助工具,不能完全取代飞行员的训练和经验。** 尽管飞机制造商致力于推进驾驶舱技术,但任何将飞行员从控制权中移除的努力都必须被坚决抵制,因为飞行员在处理紧急情况和复杂事件中发挥着关键作用。

⚠️ **飞行员在确保飞行安全方面至关重要,尤其是在紧急情况下。** 作者通过多个案例,例如FedEx和阿拉斯加航空的事件,证明了双人机组在应对意外情况时的重要性,强调了飞行员团队协作、专业知识和快速决策能力在确保安全方面的关键作用。

📊 **公众对无人驾驶飞机的安全性存在强烈担忧。** 民意调查显示,绝大多数美国人和全球受访者都表示,他们不希望乘坐没有飞行员的飞机,因为他们认为这会降低飞行安全性,这表明公众对飞行安全有强烈的诉求。

💰 **减少飞行员以提高盈利并非安全之举。** 作者认为,飞机制造商推动自动化和减少飞行员的根本目的是为了提高盈利,而非提升安全性,这种做法存在巨大的安全隐患,需要引起重视。

📢 **呼吁公众关注飞行安全,反对将飞行员从驾驶舱移除。** 作者呼吁公众关注飞行安全,反对以牺牲安全为代价追求自动化和盈利,并希望公众能够理解飞行员的担忧,共同守护航空安全。

Some of the world’s largest aircraft manufacturers seem convinced that adding new technologies and increasing automation will allow airlines to reduce the number of pilots on the flight deck. For them, it is a question of when, not if. Despite the misconception that planes largely fly themselves, they can’t. Autopilot on commercial flights is simply a tool designed to assist pilots, not completely replace their training and experience. As these manufacturers push to advance technology on the flight deck, there is a red line that must not be crossed: any effort that removes pilots from the controls.As we prepare for a busy holiday travel season, our industry’s paramount commitment to passenger safety must never be in doubt. That’s why it is essential to sound the alarm before a bad idea—like removing pilots from the flight deck—takes root. Unfortunately, this isn’t some far-fetched, far-in-the-future proposition; it’s something airplane manufacturers are actively working to implement as soon as possible. Already, European manufacturers Dassault and Airbus are pursuing designs that introduce new technologies they say would allow a single pilot to actively fly a commercial plane.Pilots have long embraced technology that makes flying safer by improving their ability to manage and troubleshoot emergency situations and irregular events as a team. But relying on technology, no matter how advanced, to fully assume the role of one or both pilots onboard commercial flights is a step too far. As an airline pilot with 28 years of experience, I can tell you that technology fails, even on the flight deck of a new airliner featuring the latest bells and whistles. Putting increased trust in autonomous systems creates an overreliance on systems that could undoubtedly fail or be hacked.Recent high-profile events underscore why two rested, highly trained and qualified pilots are essential on every flight. Last year, two pilots working together on board a FedEx Express Boeing 767 identified and averted a potential disaster by acting quickly to avoid colliding with a Southwest Boeing 737 in dense fog over Austin. Similarly, the rapid decompression that occurred on Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 earlier this year after a door plug blew out inflight required two pilots on the flight deck to safely land that plane—an effort National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy called “heroic”. In both cases and hundreds of others just like them, it wasn’t technology that averted disaster. It was a team of two pilots working together, combining their shared expertise, awareness and ability to quickly analyze multiple factors to make decisions that led to a safe outcome. While a combination of factors led to these events, this critical safety feature worked exactly as designed. Incredibly, despite stories like this and the countless other in-flight computer or mechanical issues that don’t make headlines, some manufacturers are still forging ahead and seeking to replace pilots with automation. These incidents should remind us that pilots provide the vital—and irreplaceable—ability to identify and react during a wide range of critical moments in flight, a message I helped personally deliver to Airbus CEO Guillaume Faury in a joint letter.Technology has tremendous potential to decrease workload and enhance awareness while also creating safer flights for passengers. However, the push for automation coupled with fewer—or even zero—human pilots is not about using technology to enhance safety: it’s about increasing profitability. The flying public is overwhelmingly opposed to removing pilots from the flight deck. A survey commissioned by the Air Line Pilots Association, the organization I represent, found nearly 80% of U.S. adults say remotely operated planes would make them feel less safe flying—and a significant majority say they would never feel comfortable flying without two pilots on the flight deck. A separate survey from the International Transport Workers’ Federation also found strong opposition globally to fully autonomous flight, with 76% of respondents saying they would not feel comfortable on a plane without a pilot on board.As pilots, we owe it to our passengers to warn them when storm clouds roll in and turbulence lies ahead. Attempts to replace pilots invite danger to our skies and add significant risk to the lives of those in the air and on the ground. As we consider the future of air travel, we must not roll the dice with a single pilot at the controls or visions of computers solely operating commercial airliners.Gambling with safety in such ways is a fool’s bet that neither pilots nor the flying public are willing to make.More must-read commentary published by Fortune:The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.How many degrees of separation are you from the globe's most powerful business leaders? Explore who made our brand-new list of the 100 Most Powerful People in Business. Plus, learn about the metrics we used to make it.

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飞行安全 自动驾驶 飞行员 航空安全 无人驾驶飞机
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