美国财政部长耶伦在国际货币基金组织和世界银行年会上强调了美国经济在疫情后的强劲增长，并指出拜登政府结束了“让美国和世界变得更糟”的孤立主义政策。IMF发布的最新全球经济展望报告上调了美国经济增长预期，但下调了欧洲和中国经济增长预期。尽管经济问题是美国选民的首要关切，但选民对特朗普和哈里斯处理经济问题的态度存在分歧。特朗普和哈里斯对国际货币基金组织和世界银行的计划鲜有提及，但在贸易、关税和其他经济问题上存在分歧。特朗普对世界金融机构持怀疑态度，并承诺如果当选将对中国商品征收高额关税。哈里斯更有可能继续拜登政府支持国际合作而非威胁的政策，尽管她支持一些关税。

🎉 **美国经济强劲增长：** 耶伦在IMF和世界银行年会上强调了美国经济在疫情后的强劲增长，指出拜登政府结束了“让美国和世界变得更糟”的孤立主义政策。美国经济增长速度几乎是其他发达经济体两倍，并在通货膨胀下降之前就已实现。 IMF最新全球经济展望报告上调了美国经济增长预期，预计今年将增长2.8%，略低于2023年的2.9%，但高于今年7月预测的2024年的2.6%。美国经济增长主要得益于强劲的消费者支出，而消费者支出则得益于通货膨胀调整后工资的健康增长。

🤔 **选民对经济政策持分歧：** 经济问题是美国选民的首要关切，但选民对特朗普和哈里斯处理经济问题的态度存在分歧。一项调查显示，选民对谁更适合处理关键经济问题存在很大分歧。

🌎 **全球影响：** 美国大选结果将对全球金融和世界经济产生巨大影响。特朗普和哈里斯对国际货币基金组织和世界银行的计划鲜有提及，但在贸易、关税和其他经济问题上存在分歧。特朗普对世界金融机构持怀疑态度，并承诺如果当选将对中国商品征收高额关税。哈里斯更有可能继续拜登政府支持国际合作而非威胁的政策，尽管她支持一些关税。

💰 **贸易政策分歧：** 特朗普承诺如果当选将对所有中国商品征收60%的关税，以及对所有进入美国的商品征收10%或20%的“普遍”关税。主流经济学家表示，这将相当于对美国消费者的税收，会降低经济效率并导致美国通货膨胀飙升。拜登政府尚未取消特朗普政府对中国征收的关税，并在今年5月还对中国电动汽车、先进电池、太阳能电池、钢铁、铝和医疗设备征收了高额关税。

🤝 **国际合作 vs. 孤立主义：** 耶伦在演讲中赞扬了拜登政府在气候、医疗保健、基础设施支出等领域的举措。她暗示特朗普的国际领导力，称“从第一天起，我们就拒绝了让美国和世界变得更糟的孤立主义，并寻求支持世界各地经济的全球经济领导地位，这为美国人民和美国经济带来了重大益处。”

Yellen opened the IMF and World Bank annual meetings by highlighting U.S. economic growth since the nation was in the grips of the COVID-19 pandemic. Without mentioning Trump by name, she said in a speech that the Biden administration had ended a period of international isolationism that “made America and the world worse off.””We went from millions having lost their jobs to a historic labor market recovery,” Yellen said. She said U.S. economic growth has been “almost twice as fast as most other advanced economies this year and last, even as inflation came down sooner.”The IMF released its international outlook on the global economy on Tuesday morning and upgraded its economic outlook for the United States this year while lowering its expectations for growth in Europe and China.The IMF expects the U.S. economy — the world’s largest — to expand 2.8% this year, down slightly from 2.9% in 2023 but an improvement on the 2.6% it had forecast for 2024 back in July. Growth in the United States has been led by strong consumer spending, fueled by healthy gains in inflation-adjusted wages.The meetings mark the last major international finance gathering held during the Biden administration and come as economic issues are a top concern for American voters. Republicans have blamed the Biden-Harris administration for inflation that reached a 40-year high before dropping. Trump campaign press secretary Karoline Leavitt said in a statement that the Biden-Harris administration “created an inflation crisis, record-high gas prices, skyrocketing mortgage and interest rates resulting in the lowest consumer and small business confidence in decades.”Voters remain largely divided over whether they prefer the Republican nominee, Trump, or Democratic nominee Vice President Kamala Harris to handle key economic issues, according to an October survey by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research.Who wins the U.S. election will also have enormous impacts on global finance and the world’s economy.Trump and Harris have spoken little about their plans for the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. But they have differing views on trade, tariffs and other economic issues. Trump has been skeptical of world financial bodies and is promising heavy tariffs if elected. Harris is more likely to continue the Biden administration approach favoring international cooperation over threats, though she has supported some tariffs.Yellen, like other federal officials, is barred from partisan political activity by the Hatch Act and chose her words carefully in her speech. But she praised Biden-Harris initiatives on climate, health care, infrastructure spending and other areas.She alluded to Trump’s international leadership saying: “From day one, we rejected isolationism that made America and the world worse off and pursued global economic leadership that supports economies around the world and brings significant benefits to the American people and the U.S. economy.”Trump, who has embraced isolationism and criticized multilateral institutions, promises as president to impose a 60% tariff on all Chinese goods and a “universal’’ tariff of 10% or 20% on everything else that enters the United States, insisting that the cost of taxing imported goods is absorbed by the foreign countries that produce those goods.Mainstream economists say that would amount to a tax on American consumers that would make the economy less efficient and send inflation surging in the United States.The Biden-Harris administration has not eliminated tariffs imposed on China during the Trump administration and in May also slapped major tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, advanced batteries, solar cells, steel, aluminum and medical equipment.