美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）报告，截至10月5日，全美已有超过17600例百日咳感染病例，是去年同期近4000例感染病例的四倍多。百日咳感染病例激增的原因可能是疫情期间人们戴口罩和保持社交距离的措施减少了百日咳的传播。目前，美国各地区百日咳感染病例数均已超过2023年同期水平，其中俄亥俄州、纽约州、宾夕法尼亚州、阿拉斯加州和弗吉尼亚州的感染病例数最多。百日咳是一种由百日咳杆菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病，其特征是剧烈咳嗽，尤其是在婴儿和没有接种疫苗的儿童中，可能导致严重并发症甚至死亡。为了预防百日咳，CDC建议所有年龄段的人群及时接种疫苗。

🦠 **百日咳感染病例激增：** 美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）报告，截至10月5日，全美已有超过17600例百日咳感染病例，是去年同期近4000例感染病例的四倍多。这可能是由于疫情期间人们戴口罩和保持社交距离的措施减少了百日咳的传播。 百日咳是一种由百日咳杆菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病，其特征是剧烈咳嗽，尤其是在婴儿和没有接种疫苗的儿童中，可能导致严重并发症甚至死亡。 CDC建议所有年龄段的人群及时接种疫苗，以预防百日咳。

🗺️ **感染病例分布：** 美国各地区百日咳感染病例数均已超过2023年同期水平，其中俄亥俄州、纽约州、宾夕法尼亚州、阿拉斯加州和弗吉尼亚州的感染病例数最多。 百日咳的症状可能包括低烧、轻微咳嗽、流鼻涕或鼻塞等。 在感染百日咳后，患者可能会出现剧烈咳嗽、呼吸困难、呕吐等症状。 婴儿可能出现呼吸困难，而不是典型的咳嗽。 百日咳对婴儿来说可能是致命的，三分之一的婴儿需要住院治疗。

💉 **疫苗预防：** 百日咳可以通过接种疫苗来预防。 CDC建议儿童在以下年龄段接种白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳（DTaP）疫苗：2个月、4个月、6个月、15-18个月和4-6岁。 11岁及以上年龄段的青少年和成年人，如果每10年没有接种破伤风、白喉和百日咳（Tdap）疫苗，也容易感染百日咳。 孕妇可以在怀孕期间接种Tdap疫苗，以保护婴儿免受百日咳感染。

💊 **治疗方法：** 百日咳可以通过抗生素治疗。 CDC建议患者在出现百日咳症状后尽快就医，并接受抗生素治疗。 抗生素可以帮助患者更快地恢复，并减少感染的传播。

😷 **预防措施：** 为了预防百日咳，可以采取以下措施： 接种疫苗：及时接种百日咳疫苗是预防百日咳最有效的措施。 保持良好的个人卫生习惯：勤洗手，避免用手触碰眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。 避免接触患病者：如果接触过患病者，应及时洗手，并避免与他人密切接触。 戴口罩：在人群密集的场所，戴口罩可以有效地减少百日咳的传播。

📢 **重要提醒：** 百日咳是一种高度传染性的疾病，因此及时接种疫苗和采取预防措施非常重要。

⚠️ **注意事项：** 如果您出现百日咳症状，请尽快就医，并接受医生的诊断和治疗。

🩺 **医疗建议：** 本文仅供参考，不构成医疗建议。如果您出现任何健康问题，请咨询医生。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had preliminarily documented more than 17,600 whooping cough infections nationwide as of Oct. 5—more than four times the nearly 4,000 infections recorded at this time last year. So what’s causing the 342% increase?The U.S. generally sees upward of 10,000 whooping cough infections each year, per the CDC, with more than 18,600 reported in 2019. But since 2020, when the COVID pandemic began, annual infections have barely surpassed 6,100 and reached a low of 2,100 in 2021.While people wore masks to shield themselves from COVID, in doing so they also were protected from whooping cough transmission. Public health initiatives such as social distancing and remote work and school also helped keep outbreaks at bay.Cumulative whooping cough cases have exceeded those recorded at this time in 2023 in all regions, including the U.S. territories. These states had the most cases the week of Sept. 29–Oct. 5:Ohio: 44New York (excluding NYC): 34Pennsylvania: 28Alaska: 25Virginia: 20Though whooping cough cases peak every few years, outbreaks can be difficult to manage and identify because cases may go unreported, and infected people may confuse their symptoms for those of another bacterial or viral infection, the CDC says. Your doctor can confirm infection via blood test or mucus sample.What is whooping cough?A bacterium called Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, an upper respiratory disease formally known as pertussis. The nickname, according to the Mayo Clinic, comes from the high-pitched “whoop” sound many infected people make when they inhale following a coughing bout.How does whooping cough spread?Because particles containing Bordetella pertussis get released into the air when a sick person coughs or sneezes, the illness is highly contagious.Whooping cough is so transmittable, the CDC says, because some people may have only mild symptoms, not realizing they have the disease and unknowingly spreading it to others. You’re infectious as soon as symptoms appear, and you can sicken others up to two weeks after coughing begins.While anyone can catch whooping cough, it’s most common in infants and young children who haven’t received all five doses of the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine. The CDC recommends children under 7 get the DTaP vaccine at these ages:2 months4 months6 months15–18 months4–6 yearsHowever, vaccine protection wanes over time, meaning adults and adolescents 11 and older are susceptible to whooping cough if they don’t receive the tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine every 10 years. Expectant parents can help protect their babies from whooping cough by getting a Tdap shot between the 27th and 36th weeks of pregnancy.What are the symptoms of whooping cough?Whooping cough may bear cold-like symptoms, but they take five to 10 days to appear after exposure to Bordetella pertussis and may take up to three weeks to develop. The CDC breaks down common symptoms into two stages:Early symptoms (lasting 1–2 weeks)Low-grade feverMild, occasional coughRunny or stuffy noseLater symptoms (lasting 1–6 and up to 10 weeks)Rapid, violent, and uncontrolled coughing fits that can cause people to:Feel very tired after the fit, but usually seem well in between fitsFracture a ribHave difficulty sleeping at nightMake a high-pitched “whoop” when they inhale after a coughing fitStruggle to breatheVomit during or after coughing fitsInfants may have breathing difficulties rather than a full-blown cough. Whooping cough can be deadly for babies, with one in three under a year old requiring hospitalization. Complications are possible in older children and adults, but infection tends to be less serious for them, especially if they’re vaccinated.Your first instinct may be to treat symptoms with over-the-counter cough medicine, but the CDC instead recommends prescription antibiotics to help you recover more quickly and effectively.For more on respiratory illnesses:Subscribe to Well Adjusted, our newsletter full of simple strategies to work smarter and live better, from the Fortune Well team. Sign up for free today.